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were not able to take the men j they all escaped, being able to climb 

 the precipices, and defended themselves with pieces of rock. But 

 three females, who bit and scratched those who led them, were 

 not willing to follow. However, having killed them, we flayed 

 them, and conveyed the skins to Carthage. For we did not sail 

 any further, as provisions began to fail.' This encounter indicates, 

 therefore, the southernmost point on the west coast of Africa 

 reached by the Carthaginian navigator. 



To an inquiry by an eminent Greek scholar, how far the 

 newly-discovered great ape of Africa bore upon the question of 

 the authenticity of the Periplus 1 I have replied : * The size and 

 form of the great ape, now called "gorilla," would suggest to 

 Hanno and his crew no other idea of its nature than that of a 

 kind of human being; but the climbing faculty, the hairy body, 

 and the skinning of the dead specimens, strongly suggest that 

 they were large anthropoid apes. The fact that such apes, having 

 the closest observed resemblance to the negro, being of human 

 stature and with hairy bodies, do still exist on the west coast of 

 Africa, renders it highly probable that such were the creatures 

 which Hanno saw, captured, and called "Gorullai." ' 



The brief observation made by Battell in West tropical Africa, 

 1590, recorded in Purchas's Pilgrimages, or Relations of the World, 

 1748, of the nature and habits of the large human-like ape which 

 he calls 'pongo,' more decidedly refers to the gorilla. Other notices, 

 as by Nieremberg and Bosnian, applied by Buffon to Battell's pongo, 

 were deemed valueless by Cuvier, who altogether rejected the 

 conclusions of his great predecessor as to the existence of any such 

 ape. ' This name of pongo or boggo, given in Africa to the chim- 

 panzee or to the mandril, has been applied,' writes Cuvier, ' by 

 Buffon to a pretended great species of ourang-utan, which was 

 nothing more than the imaginary product of his combinations." 

 After the publication of Cuvier's Regne Animal, the supposed 

 species was, by the high authority of its author, banished from 

 natural history ; it has only been authentically reintroduced since 

 the intelligent attention of Dr Savage was directed to the skull, 

 which he first saw at the Gaboon in 1847, and took my opinion 

 upon. 



Having premised the foregoing account of the mature characters 

 of the different species of orangs and chimpanzees, in regard to their 

 relative proximity to the human species, I next proceed to shew how 

 their structure contrasts with that of man. With regard to the 



