CONTENTS XI 



PAGES 



root pruning, 104 ; Pricking off, 105 ; Nursery trees, 106 ; 

 Root pruning, 107 ; The horizontal extent of roots, 108 ; 

 Depth of roots in the soil, 109 ; The rate of root growth, 

 110 ; Relation of roots to food supply, 111 ; Root tuber- 

 cles, 112. The stem: The parts, 113; The stem, 114; 

 Nodes and internodes, 115; Lengthening of stem, 116; 

 Length of internodes, 117 ; The stem elongates faster, 

 118; Pinching, 119. 



CHAPTER V 

 LEAVES, BUDS, AND FLOWERS . . . . . . 75-95 



The leaves : The function of leaves, 120 ; Leaf devel- 

 opment, 121 ; Distance apart to grow plants, 122 ; Num- 

 ber of leaves, 123; The comparative size of leaves, 124 ; 

 Life of a leaf, 125 ; The manurial value of leaves, 126. 

 The buds : The buds, 127 ; Lateral buds, 128 ; Branches, 

 129 ; Adventitious buds, 130 ; Leaf-buds and flower- 

 buds, 131 ; Differences between leaf- and flower-buds, 

 132 ; Vigor of leaf-buds, 133 ; Conditions affecting the 

 formation of flower-buds, 134 ; Promoting accumulation 

 of plant-food, 135 : Pinching to promote flowering, 136 ; 

 Ringing, 137. The flower : The flower, 138; Effect of 

 flowers, 139 ; Parts of the flower, 140 ; The calyx, 141 ; 

 The corolla, 142 ; The stamens, 143 ; The pistil, 144 ; 

 Variation in form, 145 ; Abortive parts, 146 ; Composite 

 flowers, 147 ; The flowers of the grass family, 148 ; 

 Fecundation, 149; Pollination, 150; Cross-pollination, 

 151 ; Advantages of cross-pollination, 152 ; Perfect, mo- 

 noecious, and dioecious flowers, 153 ; Planting with 

 reference to pollination, 154. 



CHAPTER VI 

 THE FRUIT AND THE SEED 96-103 



Development of fruit, 155 ; Exhausting the plant, 156 ; 

 Prevention of seeding, 157 ; Overbearing, 158 ; Thinning, 

 159 ; Seeding of fodder crops, 160 ; Ripening of fruits, 

 161. The gathering and storing of seeds: Time of 

 germination, 162; Immature versus ripe seeds, 163; 



