PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING 221 



is cut off at the crown, and the end of the root (115) is 

 shaped as directed above (390). It is then cut off two or 

 three inches down, and the remaining root, if sufficiently 

 thick, is shaped for another stock. Three or four stocks 

 are sometimes made from a single root. As a rule, the 

 stock should not be less than three-sixteenths inch in 

 diameter, nor less than two inches long. 



Some nurserymen prefer to make but a single stock 

 from one root (" whole-root " grafts). 



Different nurserymen cut the cions for root-grafts 

 from two to six inches long. In climates subject to drought 

 in summer and 

 severe freezing in 

 winter, the longer 

 cions are more sat- 

 isfactory, since they 



permit the Stock to FIG. 115. Graf ting -chisel for making the 

 , cleft in cleft-grafting. The point at the 



be covered to a i e ft i s for holding the cleft open during in- 

 greater depth and sertion of cions. The projection above is 

 for driving this point in or out ; one-fifth 



encourage rooting natural size. 



from the cion, 



which is sometimes regarded as an advantage. 



Root-grafts should be stored until the time for plant- 

 out, as directed for cions (386). 



392. Cleft-grafting is generally employed when the 

 stock is considerably thicker than the cion. The cut-off 

 end of the stock is split across its center, with the graft- 

 ing-chisel (Fig. 112), and the proximal end of the cion 

 (115), which is cut wedge-shaped and a little thicker on 

 one edge that the other, is so inserted into the cleft that 

 the cambium of the thicker edge of the cion forms a line 

 with the cambium of the stock (Figs. 116, 117, 118). 

 Success is promoted if the wedge-shaped portion of the 



