70 ON THE PROPAGATION 



indeed, recognized at an early period, and so exclusively 

 regarded, that the higher agreement was altogether over- 

 looked. The following are the two modes of development. 



A. In the one case, the cells destined to the repro- 

 duction, are at once scattered on the earth or in the 

 water, where the new plants are to grow. Then either 

 the whole cell is gradually transformed into a new plant, 

 new cells originating in it and taking its place, in these 

 others and so on, which is the case in the Algse, (PI. HI, 

 Fig. 1) Fungi, Lichens, and part of the Liver-mosses ; or 

 the cell expands into a longish utricle or tube, but only 

 one extremity of this tube becomes filled with cells, which 

 gradually grow up into a new plant, the remaining portion 

 of the ceD, meanwhile, decaying ; this is the case in the 

 remaining Liver-mosses, the Mosses, Ferns, Lycopodia and 

 Horsetails. An example of this kind of development may 

 be found in every hot-house containing Ferns, for they 

 may almost always be found germinating, (PL HI, Fig. 2.) 



All the plants just mentioned were united together by 

 Linnaeus, under the name of Cryptogamia, or hidden- 

 flowered, because he mistakenly supposed that they were 

 not devoid of the second organ of reproduction, presently 

 to be mentioned, the " ovary," but that it was merely so 

 small and so hidden that it had not been detected. But 

 the real fact is, that it is either altogether absent, or merely 

 inessential indications of it exist. In all these Cryptogamia, 

 the reproductive cells are called spores or germinal 

 grains. 



B. In those plants which, with Linnaeus, we call 

 Phanerogamia or evident-flowered, the matter is differently 

 arranged. The reproductive cells, which are here called 

 pollen, are formed in peculiarly metamorphosed leaves, 

 the stamens. But other organs, besides the stamens, are 



