How Domestic Varieties Originate 235 



of Concord (pure native) by Diana-Hamburg (hybrid of 

 impure native and European). Diamond is a cross of 

 Concord by lona, the latter parent undoubtedly of impure 

 origin, containing a trace of the European vine. T. V. 

 Munson's Brilliant is a secondary hybrid, its parents, 

 Lindley and Delaware, both containing hybrid blood. 

 Others of his varieties have similar histories. Even when 

 the cross is much attenuated or three or four or even 

 more times removed from a pure hybrid origin by means 

 of subsequent crossings it may still produce marked 

 effects in a cross without introducing such contradictory 

 characters as to jeopardize the value of the offspring. 



Among American fruit plants there are comparatively 

 few valuable species-hybrids. The most conspicuous are 

 grapes, particularly the various Rogers varieties, such 

 as Agawam, Lindley, Wilder, Barry, and others, which 

 are hybrids of the European and native species. Other 

 hybrids are the Keiffer and allied pears (between the 

 common pear and the Oriental pear), probably the 

 Transcendent and a few other crabs (between the com- 

 mon apple and the Siberian crab), the Soulard and kin- 

 dred crabs (between the common apple and the native 

 Western crab), a few blackberries of the Wilson Early 

 type (between the blackberry and the dewberry), the 

 purple-cane raspberries (between the native red and 

 black raspberries, and possibly sometimes combined with 

 the European raspberry), the Utah Hybrid cherry (be- 

 tween the Western sand cherry and the sand plum), prob- 

 ably some plums, and a few others. There is undoubtedly 

 a fertile field for further work in hybridizing our fruits, 

 particularly those of native origin, and also many of the 



