290 Plant-Breeding 



small flowers use the two-ounce bags and for larger flowers 

 use the four-ounce size. If oiled bags are not available, 

 the ordinary manilla bags may be used. When they are 

 still flat, as they come from the packages, a hole is made 

 near the opening, and a string is passed through it and 

 then tied at one of the folds, as shown in Fig. 93. The 

 bag is then ready for use. Before it is put on the flower, 

 the lower end of it is dipped in water to soften it so that 



FIG. 97. Tomato and quince, showing how the sepals were cut off 

 in emasculating. 



it can be puckered tightly about the stem and thereby 

 prevent the entrance of any insect. A bag is put upon 

 the seed-bearing flower when emasculation is performed, 

 and upon the intended pollen parent when the flower is 

 still in bud. The bag may be removed from the emas- 

 culated flower from time to time to examine the stigma, 

 and again when the pollen is applied; but it should 

 not be taken off permanently until the pod or fruit 

 begins to grow. 



By way of recapitulation, let us consider the crossing 



