Pollination: or How to Cross Plants 291 



of a fuchsia flower. In Fig. 94 two flowers are shown in 

 full bloom, with the long style and the eight shorter sta- 

 mens. The single bud is just the right age to emasculate. 

 We therefore cut off the two flowers and emasculate the 

 bud, as in Fig. 95. The pollen of another flower is applied 

 and the bag is tied on, as seen in Fig. 96. The best label 

 is a small merchandise tag, and this records the staminate 

 parent and the date. 



It will be seen that in 

 the operation of emas- 

 culating the fuchsia 

 flower we cut off the 

 sepals as well as the 

 petals. In some plants 

 the calyx adheres to 

 the full-grown fruit, 

 as on the apple, pear, 

 quince, gooseberry, or 

 persists at the base 

 of the fruit, as in the 

 tomato, pea, raspberry. 

 In these fruits, there- 

 fore, the cutting away 

 of the calyx leaves an 

 indelible mark which 

 at once distinguishes the fruits which have been crossed, 

 even if the labels are lost. In Fig. 97 a tomato and quince 

 are shown thus marked. 



All the foregoing remarks do not apply to the crossing 

 of ferns, lycopodes, and the like, because these plants 

 have no flowers; yet cross-fertilization may take place 



FIG. 98. Pollinating kit. 



