DIFFERENT PROVINCES OF NORTH AMERICA IN LATE PALEOZOIC TIME 53 



what widely separated divisions of the Carboniferous rocks present certain points 

 of similarity, there are some features which render their separation possible. 

 The sandstones of the upper series can be generally distinguished by being much 

 softer and less coherent in character than the gray grits and conglomerates of 

 the millstone-grit series. 



"South of Baie Yerte, this difference in character can be readily seen on 

 the road leading across to Aulac. Thus, at the latter place, what is known as 

 the Aulac Ridge rises near Aulac station on the Intercolonial Railway, and 

 extends in a northeast direction, in the direction of Pointe de Bute and Tidnish. 

 The rocks of this ridge are gray grits and quartz-pebble conglomerates, and have 

 a distinct anticlinal structure. 



"About 7 miles south of Baie Yerte the millstone-grit outcrop terminates, 

 but at Halls Hill, which is about 2 miles further north, a series of gray sand- 

 stones come in these rocks and have been cut down along the roadway. These 

 belong to the newer series, and are soon overlaid by the soft red beds which are 

 so conspicuous along the shores about Baie Yerte, and thence east to Tidnish 

 and on to Pugwash in Nova Scotia. In these red beds are bands of conglomerates 

 in which the pebbles are largely made up of bright red shale, and thin bands of 

 impure red limestone also occur at several points. The series as a whole is quite 

 distinct from anj-thing seen in the millstone-grit formation, and precisely re- 

 sembles the rocks seen along portions of the shore of Prince Edward Island, 

 from Cape Egmont to \Yood Islands, as well as at many other points in that 

 province. In New Brunswick they are also well exposed at Cape Tormentine, 

 and along the shores of that peninsula at many places, while at Bayfield Corner 

 and around Port Elgin they are underlaid by the grayer members of the upper 

 series, which also show on the road between Shediac and Pointe du Chene. 



"These soft red rocks with occasional gray sandstones also appear along 

 the north side of Nova Scotia in the counties of Cumberland, Colchester, and 

 Pictou. Here for the most part they overlie directly, in so far as yet known, 

 rocks of Lower Carboniferous age without the interposition of the millstone-grit 

 or Productive Coal Measures. This contact appears to be of the nature of an 

 overlap, since there is no indication of faults between them. It is probable, 

 therefore, that in this northern portion the true Coal Measures have never been 

 deposited along this side of Northumberland Strait. 



"Further east the rocks of the newer series are exposed along the south 

 side of Northumberland Strait to a point several miles east of Merigomish Island, 

 or about 20 miles east of Pictou Harbour. At this place they rest upon sediments 

 of Silurian and Cambro-Silurian age with which are associated granites and 

 other igneous rocks. East of this the red rocks of the upper series are not exposed, 

 either along the shores of Nova Scotia proper or on the island of Cape Breton. 

 There would therefore appear to be a gap of considerable extent in the sequence 

 of the geological formations in this part of the province. 



"The structure of the rocks in Prince Edward Island indicates the presence 

 of several lines of anticline which extend across Northumberland Strait from New 

 Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and traverse the island in a general northeast 

 direction. * * * 



"Apparently the lowest rocks of the island series are dark-red sandstones 

 with occasional beds of conglomerate in which pebbles are of soft, bright-red 

 shale, with irregular beds of impure limestone, generally reddish in colour, but 

 at several points a gray limestone also occurs. Pebble conglomerates are also 



