110 ESSENTIALS OF BACTERIOLOGY. 



Sections of Tissue. 



1. Carbol-blue, hour. 



2. Decolorized in per cent, muriatic acid. 



3. Washed in distilled water. 



4. Dehydrated in alcohol 1 second. 



5. Aniline oil with 6 gtt. of turpentine. 5 min. 



6. Turpentine, xylol, Canada balsam. 



If contrast stain, add 5 gtt. of safranin (Bismark-brown) to 

 turpentine, and use it after the xylol. 



Pathogenesis. If horses, field mice, or guinea-pigs be inocu- 

 lated subcutarieously, with but a very small quantity of culture, 

 a local affection results, followed some time after by a general 

 disturbance ; ulcers form at the point of inoculation ; little 

 nodules, which then caseate, leaving scars and involving the 

 lymphatics ; metastatic abscesses then occur in the spleen and 

 lungs, and death arises from exhaustion. Cattle, pigs, and rab- 

 bits are not easily affected ; man is readily attacked. The ba- 

 cilli gain entrance to the blood and urine. Nasal glanders 

 occurs whatever the mode of inoculation. 



Manner of Infection. Glanders being a highly contagious dis- 

 ease, it requires but a slight wound to allow it to gain entrance. 



In horses the primary sore seems to be at the nasal mucous 

 membrane. In man it is usually on the fingers. Boiling water 

 or 1-10,000 sublimate solution will quickly destroy the virulence 

 of this bacillus. 



Mallein. A substance called mallein has been obtained from 

 the cultures grown in glycerin bouillon. It gives a reaction 

 when injected into cattle suffering from glanders, and is said 

 to be useful in diagnosing the disease. 



Bacillus of Diphtheria. (Klebs-Loffler.) 



Origin. Klebs found it in membrane in 1883; it was isolated 

 by Loffler in 1884. 



Form. Small, slightly curved rods about as long as tubercle 

 bacilli and twice as broad; the ends are at times swollen; spores 

 have not been found. Their form is, however, very variable 

 sometimes much longer than usual, one end often greatly 

 knobbed. Normal bacilli are found only in membrane. 



Stained forms are characteristic, since the ends are more easily 



