198 ESSENTIALS OF BACTERIOLOGY 



Infusoria have fine ciliary processes or numerous delicate 

 flagella. Example: Balantidium. 



Sporozoa have no motile organs, and are reproduced 

 by spores. To this division belong the coccidia of malaria 

 and the organisms discovered by Maliory in scarlatina. 

 Examples: Plasmodium, coccidium. 



Life-cycle. The complete cycle of reproduction has been 

 observed in only one of the pathogenic protozoa, namely, the 

 protozoa of malaria. 



Methods of Cultivation. Novy, Clegg and others have 

 obtained pure cultures of protozoa by the use of blood-agar 

 and animal tissue, or by cultivation with bacteria, on which 

 the ameba and other protozoa live. 



Entamoeba Histolytica (Shaudinn, 1903). Amoeba 

 Dysenteriae. Found in the intestinal ulcers, feces, and 

 secondary liver abscesses in certain cases of dysentery. 

 Kartulis, in 1886, definitely established the cause, although 

 amebae were noted in feces by Lambl in 1860. A non- 

 pathogenic form, Amoeba coli, also occurs. The Amoeba dys- 

 enteriae is a unicellular animal organism, measuring 25 to 35 ju 

 in diameter, though larger and smaller forms occur. A nu- 

 cleus and a nucleolus are present ; the protoplasm of the cell- 

 body is vacuolated, and often contains red blood-cells and 

 bacteria. In fresh, warm stools active ameboid motion may 

 be observed. The non-pathogenic form is smaller and never 

 contains red blood-cells. 



Examination for Ameba. From the slimy part of the 

 fresh feces a loopful is taken and diluted with salt solution 

 and examined with moderate power on a warm stage. ' Look 

 for contracting vacuole and motion. 



Staining with hematoxylin eosin or eosin methylene-blue 

 after the film on a glass slide or cover-glass has been fixed 

 in hot alcohol or methyl alcohol. 



Cultures. On nutrient agar a loopful of feces is spread and 

 examined from day to day, transplanting the young amoebae 

 with their accompanying bacteria. 



Pathogenesis. Inoculation experiments with monkeys and 



