10 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 



was cited by McCoy among examples of Martinia, is Spirifer decorus, Phillips, a 

 form closely allied to, and in the opinion of Mr. Davidson, identical with Mar- 

 tin's Anomites (= Spirifer) glaber. 



Reticularia {op. cit., pp. 128, 142). First species cited, Terebratula imbricata, 

 Sowerby = A?iomites lineatus, Martin = Spirifer lineatus of authors. Shells of 

 this type have the short hinge and the smooth or gently plicated surface char- 

 acterizing Martinia, and like the latter have neither dental plates nor septa on 

 the interior. The name is based upon a species whose surface is covered with 

 concentric fimbriae of doubled-barreled spines bearing single rows of lateral 

 spinules,* and must probably be restricted to this type of exterior as in the 

 more strongly plicated of the fimbriated Spirifers the surface spines are simple. 



Brachythyris {op. cit., pp. 128, 144). Proposed for short-hinged plicated 

 species, the first cited being Spirifer duplicicosta, Phillips, a very close ally ex- 

 ternally and internally of Spirifer striatus. 



Considering the great possibilities of variation among the Spirifers in the 

 length of the hinge, it seems that this term must be considered a synonym for 

 Spirifer in its strictest meaning. 



Martiniopsis, Waagen, 1883. f Type, Martiniopsis iiiflata, Waagen. Produc- 

 tus limestone. These are non-plicated shells with smooth exterior and punc- 

 tured epidermal layer, as in Martinia. The distinction from Martinia is based 

 upon the existence of well developed dental plates in the pedicle-valve and 

 septa supporting the crura in the brachial valve. 



Taxonomic. Whatever value any of the foregoing terms may possess, lies in 

 the fact that it designates an extreme of accessory or lateral develojiment from 

 a typical normal Spirifer stock. With a large amount of material affording 

 the successive steps in these variations this value is, to the student, so palpably 

 diminished that he hesitates to make use of any designation which excludes the 

 term Spirifer. 



At the same time there are certain lines of development leading to definite 

 resultants which it is necessary to regard as generically distinct from Spirifer 



* See figures Spirifer lineatus given by Mr. Davidson and Mr. John Todng, Supplement to British Car- 

 boniferous Bi-achiopoda, pi. xxxiv, fig-. 9, and expl. of plate, foot note. 1880. 

 t Salt-Range Fossils ; Brachiopoda, p. 524. 



