BRACHIOPODA. 15 



(1) 1849. S^nfifer, Hall. American Journal of Science, vol. xx, p. 2:iS. 

 (1) 1852. Spinfei; Hall. Palaeontology of N. Y., vol. ii, p. 261, pi. liv, fig-. 2. 

 (1) 1856. Spirifer, Billings. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. i, p. 137, pi. ii, fig. 7. 

 (2a) 1856. Spirifera, Billings. Canadian Nalui-alist and Geologist, vol. i, ]). 474, pi. vii, tigs. 9, 10. 

 (1) 1857. Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 57, tigs. l-."). 

 (2a) 1857. Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., pp. 130, 131. 

 (26) 1857. Spirifei; Hall. Tenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist , pp. 62, 63, 134. 

 (1) 1858. Delthyris, Rogers. Geology of Pennsylvania, vol. ii, p. 825, tig. 643. 



(2a) 1858. Spirifer, Hall. Geol. Survey of Iowa, p. 507, pi. iv, figs. 6 b, c, d; p. 501, pi. iv, ligs. 3a-c. 

 (1) 1859. Spirifer, Hall. Palaeontology of N. Y., vol. iii, p. 201, pi. xxvi, figs. 1, 2. 

 (26) 1859. Spirifei; Hall. Palieontology of N. Y., vol. iii, p. 419, [)1. xcvi, fig.s. 7 a-/; p. 421, pi. xcvi, 



tigs. 9 a-g. 

 (1) 1860. Spirifer, Hall. Thirteenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 94. 

 (26) 1860. Spirifer. Meek. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. iv, j). 308. 

 (1) 1860. Spirifer, Hall. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. v, p. 145. 

 (1) 1861. Spirifera, Billings. Canadian Journal, vol. vi, p. 258, figs. 71-73. 

 (2a) 1861. Spirifera, Billings. Canadian Journal, vol. vi, pp. 254, 255, figs. 59-64. 

 (2a) 1862. Spirifer, A. Winchell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. xiv, p. 405. 

 (1) 1863. Spirifera, Billings. Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., vol. i, p. 117, pi. iii, fig. 17. 

 (1) 1863. (Spirjfera,, Billings. Geology of Canada, p. 372, fig. 392 ; p. 386, fig. 423; p. 957, fig. 455. 

 (2a) 1863. Spirifera, Billings. Geology of Canada, p. 960, fig. 467; p. 386, fig. 424 «-d. 

 (2a) 1866. Spirifera, A. Winchell. Rept. Lower Peninsula of Michigan, p. 93. 

 (1) 1867. Spirifera, Hall. Pah-eontology of N. Y., vol. iv, pp. 192, 221, 222, 240, pi. xxvii, figs. 30-34 ; 

 pi. XXX, figs. 1-9 ; pi. XXXV. figs. 10-23 ; pi. xl, figs. 1-13. 

 (2a) 1867. Sinrifem, Hall. Palaeontology of N. Y., vol. iv, p. 205, pi. xxxi, figs. 1-4 ; p. 207, pi. xxxi, 



figs. 14-19; p. 208, pi. xxxi, figs. 9, 10; p. 216, pi. xxxiv, figs. 1-32. 

 (26) 1867. Spirifera, Hall. Pateontology of N. Y., vol. iv, p. 190, pi. xxvii, figs. 18-28. 

 (1) 1868. Spirifera, Meek and Worthen. Geological Survey of Illinois, vol. iii, p. 384, pi. vii, fig. 9. 

 (1) 1871. Spirifera, Nicholson. Palaeontology of Province of Ont.ario, p. 82. 

 (16) 1874. Spirifera, Nicholson. Palaeontology of Pi-ovince of Ontario, p. 80. 

 (1) 1874. Spirifera, Billings. Palajozoic Fossils, vol. ii, p. 47, pi. iii a, fig. 5. 

 (26) 1876. Spirifer, Mf.ek. Simjison's Rept. Expl. Great Basin Utah, p. 346, pi. i, fig. 1. 

 (26) 1877. Spirifer, Meek. King's Rept. Expl. Fortieth Parallel, vol. iv, p. 41, pi. iii, fig. 3. 

 (1) 1878. Spirifera, Dawson. Acadian Geology, third ed., p. 576. 



(1) 1882. Spirifera?, Whitfield. Geology of Wisconsin, vol. iv, p. 333, pi. xxv, figs. 23, 24. 

 (2a) 1882. Spirifera, Whitfield. Geology of Wisconsin, vol. iv, p 328, pi. xxv, figs. 27, 28. 

 (1) 1883. Spiriftra, Hall. Second Report N. Y. State Geologist, pi. lix, figs. 9, 27-34 ; pi. Ix, 



figs. 1-18. 

 (1) 1884. Spirifera, Walcott. Monogr. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. viii, p. 135, pi. iv. fig. 2 ; pi. xiv, 

 fig. 12. 

 (2a) 1884. Spirifera, yifALCOTT. Palaeontology Eureka Dist., pp. 136, 217, pi. vn, fig. 8. 

 (1) 1889. Spirifera, Nettelroth. Kentucky Fossil Shells, pp. 128, 132, pi. xvii, figs. 38-42 ; pi xxxi, 



fig. 13. 

 (26) 1889. Spirifera, Nettelroth. Kentucky Fossil Shells, p. 112, pi. xii, figs. 1-4. 

 (2a) 1889. Spirifera, Nettelroth. Kentucky Fossil Shells, p. 134, pi. x, .figs. 11-20, 23-25 ; p. 109, 

 pi. X, figs. 1-5, 31-34, 36-39 ; p. 121, pi. x, figs. 21, 22, 26-30, 35, 40 ; p. 108, 

 pi. xii, figs. 14, 15; p. 132, pi. xiii, figs. 36, 38; p. 126, pi. xxxi, figs. 10, 11. 

 (2a) 1891. Spirifera, Whiteavbs. Contribulions to Canadian Palfeontology, vol. i, p. 223. 



Rcadically plicated ; surface covered with numerous concentric lamellae. In 

 Silurian species the fold and sinus are non-plicate ; the later forms usually 



