BRACHIOPODA. 21 



and its Carboniferous members have an expression so distinct from that of the 

 normal Spirifer that many authors, among them Davidson and Waagen, have 

 admitted McCoy's term Reticularia with the vakie of a genus. With the 

 evidence before us we are unable to accord this group a higher value than that 

 assigned to the divisions of the Radiati, the Ostiolati and the Glabrati ; a line 

 of development which to all appearances terminated with palaeozoic time. 



To this second division of the Fimbriati belong the following American 

 species : S. fimbriatus, Conrad, S. subundiferus, Meek and Worthen, of the 

 Hamilton group, S. hirtus, White and Whitfield, of the Choteau limestone, 

 S. pseudolineatus. Hall, of the Kinderhook and Keokuk groups, .S. seiigerus, Hall, 

 of the St. Louis and Chester groups, S. clarus, Swallow, of the Chester group, 

 S. lineatus, Martin, and S. perplexus, McChesney, of the Coal Measures. 



IV. Aperturati. Typical examples, S. aperturatus, Schlotheim, S. disjundus, 

 Sowerby, S. striatus, Martin. 



(6) 183(n. Spirifer, Morton. Amei-ii-an Journal of Science and Arts, vol. xxix, p. 150, jjl. ii, fig-. 3. 



(a) 1839. Deini/ris, Conkad. Geol. Survey N. Y. ; Pal. Dept. ; 'i'hiid Aiui. Rept., p. 65. 



(a) 1841. Delthyvis, Conrad. Geol. Survey N. Y. , Pal. Dept. ; Fifth Ann. Kept., p. 54. 



(o) 1842. Delthyris, Conkad. Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. viii, p. 263. 



(a) 1842. Delthyris, Vanuxem. Geology of N. Y. ; Rept. Third Dist., p. 179, fig-. 3 ; p. 123, Hg. 1 ; 



p. 12-1, fig. 5. 

 (a) 1843. DeltJiyns,Hki.h. Geology of N. Y. ; Rept. Fourth Dist., pi). 269, .270, figs. 1-4 ; p. 148, 



fig. 1. 



(a) 1843. Delthyris, Mather. Geology of N. Y. ; Rept. Fir.st Dist., p. 342, fig. 1. 



(h) 1852. Spirifer, Owen. Geol. Survey Wisconsin, Iowa and Minnesota, p. 586, pi. v, tig. 6. 



(6) 1852. Spirifer, F. Roemer. KreidebiMung von Texas, p. 88, pi. xi, fig. 7. 



(6) 18.52. Spirifer, Hall. Stansbnry's Expl. Great Salt Lake, p. 410, pi. iv, fig. 5. 



((■) 1854. Spirifer, Norwood and Pratten. Jour. Acad. Nat. Si-i. Philadelphia, second ser., vol. iii, 



p. 73, pi. ix, fig.s. 3a-e. 

 {e) 1854. Spirifer, Norwood and Pratten. Joui-. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, second ser., vol. iii, 



p. 72, pi. ix, figs. 2 a-c. 

 (6) 1855. Spirifer, Shumard. Rept. Geol. Survey Missouri, p. 203, jil. c, tig. 8. 



(b) 1856. Spirifer, Hall. Expl. and Survey for R. R. Route from Missouri to the Pacific, vol. iii,- 



p. 102, pi. ii, figs. 9, 12. 

 (e) 1857. Spirifer, Hall. Ti-ansactions of the Albany Institute, vol. iv, p. 8. 



(c) 1857. Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., p. 127. 

 {/) 1857. Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Ann. Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., ]>. 133. 

 (o) 1858. Spirifei; Hall. Geol. Survey Iowa, p. 502, pi. iv, fig. 2. 



(la) 1858. Spirifei; Hall. Geol. Survey Iowa, p. 501, pi. iv, figs. 1 a-k. 

 (6) 1858. Spirifer, Hall. Geol. Snrvey Iowa, vol. 1, pt. ii, p. 647, pi. xx, fig. 7 ; pi. xxi, figs. 1, 2 ; 

 p. 604, pi. xiv, figs. 1-5 ; p. 641, pi. xx, fig. 1 ; p. 501, pi. vi, fig. 1 ; p. 709, 

 pi. xxviii, tig. 2. 

 (6) 1858. Spirifer, Marcou. Geology of North America, p. 49, jil. vii, fig. 2. 



