BRACHIOPODA. 47 



Genus SYRINGOTHYRIS, Winchell. 1863. 



PLATES XXVI, XXVII. 



1796. Arunnites, Martin. Ti-ans. Liiinean Society, vol. iv, p. 44, pi. iii, tig-a. 1-6. 



1809. ConchyUolithus anondtes, Martin. Peti-efaota Derbiensia, pi. xlvi, fig. 34 ; pi. xlvii, Wg. 5. 



1816. Spirifei; Sowerby. Mineral Cnncholoffy, pi. cxx, figs. 1-3. 



1840. ^pirifer, Troost. Fifth Geol. Rei>t. of Tennessee, pp. 17, 48. 



1841. Cyrtia, Troost. Sixth Geol. Rept. of Tennessee, pp. 11. 12. 



1847. Spirife); Yandell and Shum.ard. Contribution to the Geology of Kentucky, pp. 19, 21. 



1855. Cyrtia, McCoy. British Palaeozoic Fossils, p. 426. 



1857. Spirifer, Hall. Tenth Rept. N. Y. State Cab. Nat. Hist., pp. 169, 170. 



1858. Spirifer, Hall. GeoIOfry of Iowa, vol. i, part ii, pp. 520, 603, 646, 647, pi. vii, fig. 6 ; pi. xiii, 



fig. 4 ; pi. XX, fig. 5. 



1860. Spirifer (Cyrtial), Swallow. Trans. St. Louis Acail. Sci., vol. i, ji. 647. 



1863. Syringothyris, A. Winchell. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadeliihia, vol. vii, sec. ser., pp. 6-S. 



1865. Syringothyris, Meek. Pi-oc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, vol. ix, sec. ser., p. 275. 



1866. Spirifera, Hall. Proc. American Philosophical Society, vol. x, p. 241. 



1867. Spirifer, Meek. American Journal Science, vol. xliii, p. 407. 



1868. Spirifer, Meek and Wouthen. Geol. Survey of Illinois, vol. iii, p. h'iO. \A. xix, fig. 8. 

 1870. Syrlngothyris, A. Winchell. Proc. American Philo.sophical Society, vol. xii, p. 252. 

 1875. Syringothyris, Meek. Palreontology of Ohio, vol. ii, pp. 285, 288, pi. xiv, fig. 7. 



1875. Syringothyris, White. Wheeler's Geogr. Surveys West of the lOOIh Meridian, vol. iv, jiji. 88, 



90, pi. V, tig. 9. 

 1877. Spirifer, Meek. King's U. S. Geol. Kxpl. of the 40th Parallel, vol. iv, p. 87, pi. iii. fig. 11. 



1880. Spirifer, White. Second Annual Rept. Indiana Bureau of Statistics and Geology, |>. 512, pi. vii, 



figs. 1, 2. 



1881. Spii-ifer, White. Tenth Rejit. State Geol. of Indiana, p. 144, \i\. vii, figs. 1, 2. 

 1884. Syringothyris, Walcoti'. Monogr. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. viii, p. 219. 



1888. Syringothyris, Herrick. Bulletin Denison University, vol. iii, p. 41, pi, i, fig. 7; jil. ii. fig. 17 ; 



pi. V, figs. 4-7 ; vol. iv, p. 14. 



1889. Syringothyris, Simpson. Trans. American Philosophical Society, p. 440, fig. 5 ; p. .441, tig. 6. 



1890. Syringothyris. Schdchert. Ninth Rep. N. Y. State Geologist, pp. 28-37. 



Shells spiriferoid, usually large, with erect cardinal area and broad, multipli- 

 cate lateral slopes. Fold and sinus generally non-plicate. In the pedicle-valve 

 the delthyrium is covered by a convex, imperforate plate, which is frequently 

 absent. The dental lamellae, more or less strongly developed, rest on the bot- 

 tom of the valve, and at their anterior extremities are produced about the 

 broad diductor impressions. They are united beneath the deltidium by a 

 transverse plate arising from a testaceous callosity in the apex of the delthy- 

 rium. This plate is formed by the deposition of accretions to the margins of 

 the delthyrium, which unite in the median line, the union being marked by a 

 raised line less distinct on the upper than on the under side of the plate. From 

 just within the lateral margins and on the inner side of the plate two lamellar 



