202 PALEONTOLOGY OF NEW YORK. 



shells perhaps rhynchonelloid in character, but it has not been, nor will it ever 

 be possible to determine the author's conception of the term from his very brief 

 diagnosis: "Beak acute, perforation below it." No species was cited and the 

 name was never used in such a manner as to lead to any notion of its intended 

 significance. 



Recognizing the obstacles to the adoption of the term, Professor King re- 

 defined it in volume xviii (p. 28) of the Annals and Magazine of Natural History 

 (1846), deriving his diagnosis from the Atrypa cuboides, Sowerby, which he 

 specified as the type of the group. It is evident from King's observations, 

 both in the work cited and in his Permian Fossils (pp. 110-112, 1850), that 

 he intended the term Hypothyris to replace Fischer de Waldheim's name 

 Rhynchonella as an appellation for those shells, previously classed with the 

 Terebratulid^, which had a plicated exterior and an acute beak. Now that 

 the state of our knowledge requires a narrower and more precise delimitation 

 of these fossils, we are bi'ought back to the original species, A. cuboides, as ex- 

 pressing the restricted value of the genus Hypothyris, King, and that term will 

 be adopted for this group of Rhynchonellas in preference to introducing a new 

 one. 



Subgenus PUGNAX, s.-gen. nov. 



PLATE LX. 



1809. Conchyliolithns anomites, Martin. Petrefacta Derbiensia, pi. xxii, fig-s. 4, 5; pl.xxxii, fig-s. 7,8; 



pi. xxxiii, figs. 5, 6. 

 1822. Terebratida, Sowerby. Mineral Conchology, pi. cccxv, fig. 3 ; pi. cccxvi, figs. 5, 6 ; pi. cccxxiv j 



pi. cccxxv, figs. 1-6. 

 1834. Terebratula, von Bdch. Ueber Terebi-ateln, p. 33. 

 1836. Terebi-atula, Phillips. Geology of Yorkshire, vol. ii, p. 222, pi. xii, figs. 4-12, 16, 17, 25-30. 



1840. Atrypa, Soweruy. Trans. Geol. Soc. London, 2n(i ser., vol. v, pi. Ivi, figs. 15-18. 



1841. Terebratula, Phillips. Palaeoz. Foss. Cornwall, Devon and West 'Somerset, p. 86, pl. xxxv, 



fig. 154 ; p. 87, pl. xxxv, fig. 156. 



1843. Terebratula, de Koninck. Animaux fossiles de la Belgique, p. 278, pl. xvii, figs. 3a-/. 



1845. Terebratula. de Vernbuil. Geol. de la Russ. et des Mont, de rOiiral., p. 78, pl. x, fig. 1. 



1855. Rhynchonella, Shumard. Second Ann. Kept. Geol. Surv. Missouri, pi. c, fig. 5. 



1858. Rhynchonella, Hall. Transactions of the Albany Institute, vol. iv, p. 10. 



1858. Rhynchonella, Hall. Geology of Iowa, vol. 1, j)t. 2, p. 658, pi. xxiii, fig. 2 a, h. 



1858. Terebratula, Marcou. Geology of North America, p. 58. 



1859. Cainarophoria, Shdmard. Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., vol. i, p. 394. 



