176 BIGGLE GARDEN BOOK 



quite common to string stout wires along the rows, 

 either using double wires or tying the canes to a sin- 

 gle wire. Blackcaps and blackberries are usually 

 picked and packed in quart boxes in crates the same 

 as strawberries. Red raspberries are generally 

 packed in pint boxes. Get blackberries out of the 

 sun double-quick, or they'll turn red in spots, says 

 Tim ; and he speaks from experience. 



Varieties : The following kinds of blackberries 

 are hardy, or nearly so, in New York State, says 

 O. M. Taylor : Agawam, Ancient Briton, Eldorado, 

 Snyder, Ohmer, Stone Hardy, Taylor, Wachusett. 

 The not hardy kinds are : Kittatinny, Lovett, Merser- 

 eau, Minnewaski, Wilson Jr., Early Harvest, Early 

 Mammoth. (The latter varieties may endure the 

 winter cold some years, but the safest way is to bend 

 down the canes lengthwise of the row in late fall 

 and cover with earth, in the extreme North; this 

 bending is done by first removing some soil from one 

 side of the roots.) 



Gregg, Cumberland, Kansas, Ohio, Conrath, etc., 

 are popular blackcaps. Cuthbert, Miller, London, 

 etc., are good red raspberries. Golden Queen is a 

 yellow-fruited variety. Shaffer is a purple-cap kind, 

 but not popular for market. 



Insects and diseases : Cane-borers, gall-beetles, 

 tree-crickets and similar insects that infest rasp- 

 berry and blackberry canes, are difficult to combat 

 with sprays ; however, the prompt cutting out and 

 burning of old, dead and infested canes will usually 

 keep these enemies in check. A little worm (the 

 larvae of a black saw-fly) sometimes feeds upon the 

 leaves ; hellebore or arsenate of lead sprays will kill 

 it. Anthracnose (purplish or scabby patches on the 

 canes) is a fungous trouble; spray with the Bor- 



