SMALL FRUITS 177 



deaux mixture and promptly destroy canes after 

 fruiting. Red rust (powdery, orange-red places on 

 leaves, etc.) is a very common trouble; dig out in- 

 fested plants root and branch whenever seen, and 

 burn; be careful not to scatter the dust on healthy 

 bushes; early sprayings with Bordeaux may help a 

 little. 



CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES. Buy plants. Or, 

 soon after the leaves fall in autumn, currant, goose- 

 berry and grape cuttings may best be made. Use 

 this season's new wood-growth; cut into lengths 

 about eight inches long, tie into bundles, and bury in 

 not too wet sand in the cellar, for spring planting. 

 Or if you will mulch them well through the winter, 

 they may be set at once in the fall. Set them slightly 

 leaning, top end up, about five inches apart, deeply, 

 in rows (each cutting having at least one bud above 

 and one below ground), cultivate them as you would 

 any other crop, and transplant them to their per- 

 manent place the following fall or spring. The soil 

 should be well firmed around the cuttings. 



Most growers make the permanent rows 5x5 feet 

 and cultivate both ways ; but in a small garden the 

 bushes might be spaced about four feet apart in five- 

 foot rows. A well-drained clay or clay-loam soil is 

 liked best by these bushes. They are great feeders and 

 manure should be used bountifully. The roots run 

 close to the surface, so beware of cultivating deeply ; 

 but regular, light stirrings of the soil until August 

 are beneficial. Some growers cultivate the ground 

 once or twice in the spring and then mulch the sur- 

 face during the balance of the year ; this is a good 

 hint for the small gardener. In some localities cur- 

 rants and gooseberries are packed in quart boxes 

 the same as strawberries; consult your local market- 



