SCALE PESTS. 71 



three years old that have had this treatment for two 

 years. The Rome Beauty has set apples freely this, 

 the third year, which he has taken off, but there is a 

 large development of fruit spurs and fruit buds for 

 next year. For this treatment, the soil must be good, 

 culture the best, with heavy thinning of the fruit, 

 which means practically No. 1 and fancy apples only 

 grown on such trees. He thinks that he can keep, 

 under the treatment, standard trees about twenty feet 

 high for many years. His idea is that the old high 

 trees will all pass out rapidly through the ravages of 

 the scale louse, and that the smaller trees must replace 

 them because of greater ease and effectiveness in 

 spraying. 



I think friend Powell is on the right track. Low- 

 headed, low-pruned, apple and pear trees if success 

 is to be achieved in the future. With low trees and 

 thorough spraying, no one need greatly fear San 

 Jose. 



OYSTER-SHELL BARK-L,OUSE. The most common 

 scale-insect of the apple, without doubt, is the oyster- 

 shell bark-louse. Although everywhere 

 present, and sometimes quite conspicu- 

 ous, it most often attacks trees that for 

 some reason are unhealthy, and there- 

 fore poorly fitted to support the extra 

 drain put upon them by the pest. 



The scales of these insects are elon- OYSTER-SHELL 

 gated, shaped something like oyster- BA ^Jr 8E 

 shells, with the cast skins at the smaller FULL SIZE) 

 ends. They are brown in color. Underneath a scale 

 will be found a cluster of yellowish-whitish eggs, 



