THE APPI,E 83 



irregular trimming. The apple produces its fruit on 

 twigs or fruit spurs which are at least three or four 

 years old. 



PRINCIPAL INSECT PESTS. Aphis (lice) on 

 leaves. Remedy : Spray with tobacco solution when 

 lice first hatch out and before they are hidden by curl 

 of leaves. 



Apple maggot : A tiny worm which tunnels the 

 fruit in all directions. Remedy : Promptly pick up 

 and destroy or feed to the stock all windfalls. 



Apple-twig borer: A tiny blackish beetle which 

 bores into terminal twigs near buds. Infested twigs 

 often wilt and die. No good remedy is known, except 

 to cut off all such twigs, not later than July, and burn 

 them. 



Borers: Two kinds "round-headed" and "flat- 

 headed." See Chapter IX for borer remedies. 



Bud worm : A little caterpillar that attacks buds, 

 blossoms and starting leaves. Remedy : Arsenical 

 spray when buds begin to open. 



Buffalo tree-hopper : A small greenish insect about 

 one-third of an inch long, that punctures the twigs, 

 causing a peculiar scarred appearance. Remedy : 

 Cut off the injured twigs and burn. 



Codling moth : 'Tis estimated that one-half of 

 America's apple crop is annually ruined by the cod- 

 ling moth. This is the pest that causes ' ' wormy apple- 

 cores." The moth seldom flies except at night, and 

 therefore few fruit-grcwers have ever seen one. 

 About the time that the blossoms are falling, this 

 moth appears and glues its eggs on or near the min- 

 iature apples. In about a week these eggs hatch, 



