86 BIGGIE ORCHARD BOOK 



and burn all mummied apples which stay on the trees 

 in the fall ; spray with the Bordeaux mixture early in 

 the season. (Note : There is another form of rot 

 which is called ' * pink rot. ' ' Bordeaux is the remedy. ) 



Rust : A fungus which sometimes blisters the 

 leaves with orange-colored spots, and which usually 

 originates on cedar trees. Remedies : Spray or cut 

 down any cedars which may be near the apple orchard ; 

 spray the orchard with Bordeaux. 



Scab : This is sometimes called ' ' black spot " ; it 

 produces the well-known scabby places upon apples ; 

 it also affects the new shoots and leaves, causing black 

 blotches thereon, and often the early spring leaves 

 are thus blighted; young apples shrivel and drop 

 from the tree ; mature apples are seriously disfigured. 

 Remedy : Bordeaux, several sprayings at intervals of 

 about two weeks, beginning before buds open. 



Twig blight: This apple disease is similar in 

 nature to the well-known ' ' fire blight ' ' of the pear ; 

 affected terminal twigs (including leaves, flowers or 

 fruit thereon) turn black or brown, and die. The 

 only known remedy is to cut out the diseased parts, 

 and burn. (See pear blight, Chapter XIII.) This 

 trouble comes and goes, and is worse some years than 

 others. 



MISCELLANEOUS TROUBLES. Chief among these 

 are sun-scald (consult Chapter IX), crown galls 

 (Chapter III) , canker and collar rot No very good 

 remedies are known for the two last - mentioned 

 troubles; they seem to be closely related to "twig" 

 and "fire" blight; for instance, a blighted twig will 

 often cause a canker to form near its base. 



