DOMESTIC FARM ANIMALS. 57 



likely prove easier for him to discover why the horse needs a 

 longer neck than the cow. 



What differences exist in the ways in which cows and 

 horses defend themselves when they are attacked, as by a dog, 

 or when they fight with other animals of their own kind? 

 The use of the horse's long legs and long neck, and the cow's 

 short, strong neck and her bulging eyes at the corners of her 

 head will be thought of here. In this connection it will be 

 legitimate for the teacher to give some information respecting 

 the habits of the wild relations of the cow and the horse, or 

 of these species in an undomesticated condition. To escape 

 his enemies the horse depended on his fieetness or the force 

 and readiness with which he could use his heels ; the cow 

 could not run very fast, neither could she defend herself like 

 the horse by kicking, so she turned her head to her foe and 

 used her horns with all her strength, backed by the weight of 

 her heavy body. The habit, or adaptation, of chewing the cud 

 permitted her to eat a quantity of grass hastily and then 

 retire to a secure place to chew it at her leisure. 



Compare their modes of lying down and rising. Why does 

 the cow, in getting up, raise her rear part first 1 ? Does the 

 cow always rise in the same manner 1 Do the cow and horse 

 hold their heads in the same way when they are lying down 1 

 Do they fold their legs alike? Do they ever lie with their 

 legs unbent 1 Do they ever lie on their back or roll over ? 



What sounds or cries do they make ? Try to imitate them. 

 What does each sound signify 1 



Compare a young foal with a young calf, in respect to size, 

 height, color, actions, including play. Measure, if you can, 

 with a cord or tape-line and record the lengths of correspond- 

 ing parts. Repeat the measurements and compare with first 

 ones to judge the growth. Make a record of events and note 

 the dates so that, at the end of six or eight months, you can 



