TWIGS. 



87 



TwigS. — Leaves, flowers and fruit, when they fall off, leave 

 distinguishable scars on the twigs. The bud-scales or bracts 



A beech twig 3 inches long, showing the annual extensions from 1897 to 1904-5. Scars ol 

 the bud-scales opposite the dates. L, lenticels. S, a scale insect. 29 bud-scales 

 shown on the 1904-5 bud. 2, 3 or 4 leaf-petiole scars on each annual extension. 



also leave distinct markings by which the annual extensions 

 of the branchlet can be read with certainty. Twigs afford 

 interesting and instructive observations along these lines. 



Selecting large buds of different kinds, as of beech and elm, 

 study comparatively their shape, the scars left by fallen buds, 

 the arrangement whether alternate, spiral or opposite, the 

 outer and inner scales, whether hard or soft, thick or thin, 

 smooth or hairy, etc., etc. In the book last named there are 

 lessons on buds and twigs, pages 97-106. 



