PROPAGATION REVIEWED. 155 



quickly dry out and die. (3) The rootlets cannot find enough nourish- 

 ment in the subsoil so the bottom of the hole is lined with sods or 

 humus to nourish them. (4) In this hard undrained soil water would 

 ' stand ' around the roots, preventing their getting air and warmth. 

 The second hole drains the one the tree stands in. (5) To prevent 

 decay. (6) Most of the rootlets were left in the woods. The few on 

 the tree cannot absorb water fast enough for all the leaves that would 

 have grown. The leaves transpire faster in the open field than they 

 would have done in the woods. (7) To raise the roots as near the 

 surface as they were before transplanting. (8) To get it in among the 

 rootlets. (9) The germinating oats cause warmth ; their roots help to 

 bind the roots of the tree ; their subsequent decomposition fertilizes 

 the soil. (10) To bring rootlets and soil into close contact. (11) To 

 check excessive evaporation in dry weather. (12) The watering may 

 be beneficial if there is drainage. 



Propagation Reviewed from the Point of View of 



Science. — The writer's class after a season's nature study of 

 propagation of plants made the following table inductively, 

 that is by generalizing the examples experimented upon or 

 observed. 



Plants propagate by : — 



— spores as horsetail 



— seeds . bean 



— root-sprouts poplar 



— divisions of the plant : — 



(A) natural separation of parts : — 



(a) bulbs gladiolus 



(b) bulb scales ...... lily 



(c) bulblets .... Chinese yam 



(d) tubers or corms . . . squirrel corn 



(e) layers .... black raspberry 

 {/) detached tips of branches . water milfoil 



