156 THE NATURE STUDY COURSE. 



(B) artificial separation of parts : — 



(a) layers tomato 



{b) cuttings : — 



(i) stems .... wandering- jew 



(ii) tubers potato 



(iii) roots .... horse-radish 

 (iv) leaves ..... begonia 



(c) budding peach 



(d) grafting : — 



(i) cleft apple 



(ii) splice willow 



(iii) inarch .... heliotrope 

 (iv) root dahlia 



How Plants Work. — To show how plants drink, take 

 a pickle-bottle nearly filled with water to the cornfield. 

 With a sharp knife cut off two or three feet of a green corn- 

 stalk and at once set the cut end in the bottle of water. 

 When brought to the school-room the pupils will observe the 

 rapidity with which the stalk takes up the water. Infer that 

 its transpiration through its minute stomates must keep pace 

 with its absorption, also that a growing crop of corn takes 

 from the soil a great quantity of water. 1 Infer the need of 

 making and keeping the cornfield mellow. Apply conclusions 

 to other plants. 



The roots of a willow tree have been known to penetrate a 

 fire-brick soil-pipe cemented at the joints and to choke the pipe. 

 Two willows standing at the east side of a farm-house kept a 

 well over twenty feet deep situated on the west side dry 

 during the summer. After the willows were cut down the 



• The average of a number of experiments determined the fact that it requires 

 270 lbs. of water to mature one pound of dry corn-stuff. 



