Snn((ffiling iii the last Century. 1G9 



right arm.* But now the ironfiekls of Staffordshire have 

 put out the furnaces. The coal mines of Durham have de- 

 stroyed the charcoal trade, and taken away the seamanship. 

 The hrine-pits of Cheshire have dried up the salterns which 

 covered the south-western shores. Of course, this loss of 

 material prosperity has told on the intelligence and morals of 

 the district. 



In the NeAV Forest itself, till within the last thirty years, 

 smuggling was a recognized calling. Lawlessness was the rule 

 during the last century. Warner says that he had then seen 

 twenty or thirty waggons laden with kegs, guarded by two 

 or three hundred horsemen, each hearing two or three " tubs," 

 coming over Hengistburj' Head, making their way, in the open 

 day, past Christchurch to the Forest. At Lymington, a troop 

 of bandits took possession of the well-known Ambrose Cave, on 

 the borders of the Forest, and carried on, not only smuggling, 

 but wholesale burglary. The whole country was plundered. 

 The soldiers were at last called out, the men tracked, and 

 the cave entered. Booty to an enormous extent was found. 

 The captain turned King's evidence, and confessed that he had 



* It is surprising, in looking over the musters of ships in the reigns of 

 Edward II. and Edward III., to see how few Xorthern ports are mentioned. 

 The importance, too, of the South-coast ports, which were sometimes sum- 

 moned by themselves, arose not only from the reasons in tlic text, but from 

 being close to the country with which we were in a state of chronic warfare. 

 See, too, the State Papers, vol. i., p. 812, 813, where the levies of the fleets 

 in 1545, against D'Annebault, with the names of each vessel and its port, 

 are given ; as also p. 827, where the neighbouring coast of Dorset is 

 described as deserted, in consequence of the sailors flocking to the King's 

 service. I think that I have somewhere seen that our sailors were once 

 rated as English, Irish, Scotch, and the "West Country," the latter 

 standing the highest. 



