114 . LIVE-STOCK 



for the disease. Young animals and cows five to eight years 

 old are most liable. Infected animals must be removed from 

 the herd. They are unsafe to use either for breeding, milk- 

 ing or for human food. 



Pleuro-pneumo?iia contagiosa. — Inflammation of the lungs 

 and pleura may be simple or contagious. The latter is a speci- 

 fic form and is contagious and infectious. It is fortunately 

 rare in India. There is fever and general signs of disease. 

 The breathing is hurried, the muzzle is protruded and the 



Eatient grunts and moans during respiration. Pressure 

 etween the ribs makes the animal grunt from pain. Purg- 

 ing sets in and the animal dies eventually of suffocation and 

 exhaustion. Affected animals must be isolated. Ten drops 

 of carbolic acid may be given twice daily in rice gruel. Tur- 

 pentine must be well rubbed in on the throat and chest. The 

 disease is almost always a fatal one and it is best to destroy 

 the animal in the early stage. 



Foot-and-mouth disease. — A highly infectious and conta- 

 gious disorder attacking cattle principally, but also transmis- 

 sible to sheep, goats and buffalos. The period of incubation 

 varies from one to four days, and the disease shows itself with 

 an elevation of temperature from two to five degrees. The 

 disease is characterised by the appearance of vesicles or 

 blisters in the mouth and between the toes and, in cows, on 

 the udder also. The blisters soon burst leaving raw sores. 

 There is saliva foaming from the mouth, with a peculiar 

 smacking of the lips and tongue. The feet are so sore that 

 the animal is extremely lame, and moves with great difficulty. 

 Mortality is very rare in adult animals, but the disease may 

 prove fatal to very young calves. The diet must be nutritious 

 and soft, such as rice or other grain, gruel and green grass. 

 Give a mild purgative at the commencement. Wash the 

 mouth once daily for two or three days with alum lotion— 20 

 to 30 grains to an ounce of water. The feet must be kept 

 clean and dressed with carbolic, camphor or margosa oil. If 

 the udder is affected, treat as in mammitis. The milk of the 

 affected animals should not be used without being well boiled. 

 Rinderpest. — This is the most formidable disease in cattle 

 and is highly infectious and contagious. It also attacks sheep, 

 goats and buffalos. In virulent outbreaks, mortality is 80 to 

 §0 per cent, in ordinary, 40 to 50 per cent. The period of in- 

 cubation lasts from four to eight days but ma}' extend even 

 to 14 days. In the beginning there are all the general signs 

 of disease. There is fever, persistent shivering, congestion of 

 the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, eyes and vagina, 

 followed with a discharge of acrid tears from the eyes, and of 



