LIVE-STOCK 117 



blood escapes with the faeces from the bowels. Here also 

 death occurs within a few hours. 



Treatment is not of much avail. The animal should at 

 once be isolated and the whole place thoroughly disinfected. 

 A dram of carbolic acid in a pint of linseed oil may be given 

 at once. The carcases of animals that have died of this 

 disease should either be burned or buried deep with quick- 

 lime. They should be covered with straw to prevent dis- 

 charges falling to the ground from the natural openings and 

 then removed to the burial or burning ground. The earth 

 in the sheds for about six inches must be dug and replaced 

 with fresh earth and quicklime, and the whole place 

 thoroughly disinfected with strong antiseptic lotions, after 

 burning a layer of straw on the floor. Temporary isolation 

 sheds are better burned after an outbreak. Thorough scrub- 

 bing of the walls with antiseptic lotion and whitewashing 

 should be insisted on in permanent sheds. 



Black-quarter or quarter ill, black leg or quarter evil. — 

 This disease was until recently supposed to be a kind of 

 anthrax. It is an infectious bacterial disease manifested by 

 high temperature, lameness and a localised hot, painful 

 swelling on the shoulders, quarter, neck, leg, trunk or else- 

 where. The swellings mostly occur in the limbs and quarters, 

 and hence the name black-quarter. Cattle of all ages are 

 liable to infection; but the disease begins in animals under 

 two years of age and rarely in adult cattle. Suckling calves 

 fed only on milk are free. It is a disease that is worst in 

 low-lying marshy pastures. 



The swelling at first is small, hot, tender and pits on 

 pressure. It extends to 12 inches or more in diameter in a 

 few hours, and becomes dry and parchment like. Decomposi- 

 tion takes place inside ; the swelling becomes cold, the parts 

 inside gangrenous, and the skin becomes insensible. 



Preventive treatment consists in changing the pasture, 

 and in inoculating healthy animals with black-quarter 

 vaccine, which is prepared out of muscle-juice from an in- 

 f eeted part. The ends of the ears and the tail are the seats 

 of inoculation, which should be done with proper antiseptic 

 precautions by a trained veterinarian. Sick animals should 

 De isolated at once and strict disinfection should be carried 

 out. A dose of linseed oil (1 pint) with a dram of carbolic 

 acid may be given without delay. The tumours in sever.il 

 places may be scarified and a saturated solution of potassium 

 permanganate may be applied, or strong antiseptics or 

 caustics as pure carbolic acid or equal parts of turpentine, 

 tincture of iodine and liquor ammonia may be applied. In 



