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ducts. Sheep infested with the fluke lose flesh gradually. 

 The eyes are dull and tinged yellow. The bowels are costive 

 at first but, later, violent purging begins and the faeces are 

 fetid and tinged with blood. Dropsy sets in and is parti- 

 cularly marked as a swelling under the jaw, and the disease 

 terminates generally fatally, from three to seven days. After 

 this, treatment should, if possible, consist in the removal of 

 the flock to an open dry pasture. The animals should have 

 a little cake in addition to grazing. Common salt and sul- 

 phate of iron powdered may be given mixed with cake or as a 

 drench at the rate of li drams of common salt and half a 

 scruple of sulphate of iron per adult head. 



Tetanus, Trismus or lock-jaw, is an infectious disease which 

 may attack the ox but more commonly sheep and goats. It 

 is caused by the Tetanus bacillus which infects wounds and 

 casues a general poisoning of the nervous system. Tetanus 

 is of two kinds : Traumatic and Idiopathic. In the former 

 the wound is seen anywhere over the body, in the latter 

 the wound or abrasion is believed to be either in the mouth 

 or in the alimentary tract. The period of incubation is two 

 or three days. The animal is nervous and excitable with 

 rigidity of the muscles of the neck. There is quivering, 

 stiffening and elevation of the tail. There is also fever with 

 excessive thirst. The symptoms increase in one, tw<* or three 

 days. All the muscles of the head and neck gradually become 

 stiff, the nose is poked forward, the nostrils dilated and the 

 haw of the eye protruded. The jaw is fixed, and there is 

 complete loss of power to masticate. The animal stands 

 stiff with the fore legs propped out for support and when it 

 moves the legs appear to be jointless. As the disease pro 

 gresses there is general rigidity of the muscles and the 

 animal falls down with spasms, and, unable to get up struggles 

 till death. 



Treatment. — In the early stages before the lower jaw gets 

 fixed, give a strong purgative. Four ounces of Epsom salt, 

 two drops of croton oil and a dram of ginger in half a pint 

 of water may be given and subsequently administer on the 

 following days sedatives such as ganja, opium, belladona or 

 chloral hydras, in ten grain doses mixed with a little jaggery 

 or honey and rubbed on the tongue and palate twice daily. 

 Careful nursing is necessary. The animal should be 'kept 

 as quiet as possible and in a dark but well-ventilated shed. 

 The wound, if any, should be thoroughly cleansed with strong 

 antiseptic lotion and touched with pure carbolic acid or silver 

 nitrate. Soft liquid food should be given. 



