EQUITATION AND HORSE TRAINING. 57 



(2) Kaising the head by the use of the snaffle. The 

 trooper stands in front of the horse, facing hina, and takes 

 in each hand one of the snaffle reins, grasping it near the 

 ring; the wrists are gradually raised until the horse's 

 head and neck reach the desired elevation. The horse 

 must stand still and must not back; if he starts to move 

 to the rear, the whip is used to move him to the front 

 again. 



DEFINITIONS. 



In hand. — The horse is in hand after he has completed 

 and fully understands the bending lessons and when he 

 yields willingly to the effects of the bit. 



Lightness. — ^Lightness has been defined in answer to 

 Question VI. It is the correct balance of the horse that 

 obeys promptly and easily all impulses given him by his 

 rider. 



The set (Le placer) is the operation that places the 

 center of gravity in the position required for the execu- 

 tion of any desired movement. — St. Phalle. 



The gather (le ramener). — To gather is nothing more 

 or less than to set the forehand. When the horse carries 

 his head and neck well up, the face approaching the ver- 

 tical and the jaw flexible he is said to be in the position 

 of the gather (or is gathered). 



The assemble (Le rassembler) . — ^The assemble consists 

 of the gather perfected by bringing the hind legs under. 

 The set of the forehand is combined with the set of the 

 hind quarters."^ 



a The horse can be gathered at a halt although he should be taught 

 the correct carriage of the head and neck at a walk, in which case there 

 will be no chance of backing. On the other hand, the assemble, the 

 highest form of collection, can be obtained only when the horse is in 

 motion; the horse is assembled in the half halt to be sure, but this posi- 

 tion can be held only for a moment before the horse moves again. 

 St. Phalle says: "The set, as will be seen, is inseparable from the in 

 hand and the assemble." For instance, in the half halt the horse is 

 assembled; he is also in hand, ready for any indication of the bit 

 and he is set for movement in any direction. — The Board. 



