96 OBSERVATIONS ON A SALMON RIVER 



on the map as the St. Anne's Range, and 

 forming the watershed between the Baie des 

 Chaleurs and the St. Lawrence. 



Here and there the stream finds itself 

 suddenly checked : sometimes a huge shingle 

 bed deposited by the spring floods, some- 

 times a rocky reef on which the current can 

 make no impression, sometimes a so-called 

 " timber jam " — the name which graphi- 

 cally describes an accumulation of drift- 

 wood and rubbish of all kinds — heads back 

 the stream and compels it to flow like a mill 

 race through a comparatively narrow exit. 

 It is these contractions which have created 

 the pools — deep troughs in which the fish 

 love to rest on their upward journey to the 

 spawning beds. 



The pools, or groups of pools, are usually 

 wide apart. Their anatomy varies greatly, 

 but, as a rule, there is at the head of each of 

 them a rapid, flowing like a small cascade 

 down a precipitous descent. In some cases 

 the water of this rapid may be compara- 

 tively smooth, in others it is broken by 



