14 CONTENTS. 



PAGE 



gastric nerves, 460 — Effects of stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve, 462 — Effects 

 of stimulation of the glossopharyngeal nerve, 462 — Effects of stimulation of the tri- 

 geminal nerve, 463 Effects of stimulation of the cutaneous nerves, 463 — The efferent 

 respiratory nerves, 163. 



L. The Condition of the Respiratory Centre in the Fetus 464 



The reasons for the absence of respiratory movements in the fetus, 464. 



M. The Innervation of the Lings 465 



Broncho-constrictor and broncho-dilator fibres, 465 — Vaso-motor fibres to the lungs, 

 466 Summary of the pulmonary fibres found in the vagus, 466. 



ANIMAL HEAT (By Edward T. Reichert) 467 



A. Body-temperature 467 



Eomothermous and poikilothermous animals. 467 — Temperatures of different spe- 

 cies of animals, 467 — The temperature <>f the different regions of the body, 46s — The 

 conditions affecting body-temperature, 469 — Temperature regulation, 473. 



B. Income and Expenditure of Heat 474 



The potential energy as furnished by the food-stuffs, 474 — The income of heat and 



methods of measuring, 475— The expenditure of heat, 476. 



C. Beat-production and Heat-dissipation 477 



( alorimetry, 477 — The construction and use of calorimeters, 478 — Conditions affect- 

 ing heat-production, 482 — Conditions affecting heat-dissipation, 485. 



D. THE Heat-mkchanism . . 489 



The mechanism concerned in thermogenesis, 489 — The thermogenic tissues, 490 — 



The thermogenic nerves and centres, 490 — The mechanism concerned in thermolysis, 

 494 — Therruotaxis, 495 — Abnormal thermotaxis, 496 — Post-mortem rise of tempera- 

 ture, 497. 



THE CHEMISTRY OF THE ANIMAL BODY (By Graham Lusk) . 499 



A. The Non-metallic Elements 499 



The preparation, occurrence, and properties of hydrogen, 499 — The preparation, 



occurrence, and properties of oxygen, 500 — Ozone, 502 — Traube's theory of oxidations 

 in the body, 502 — Occurrence, properties, and functions of water, 503 — Peroxide of 

 hydrogen, 505 — The preparation, occurrence, and properties of sulphur, sulphuretted 

 hydrogen, sulphurous and sulphuric acids, 505 — Preparation and properties of chlorine, 

 508 -Bromine and its compounds in the body, 508 — Iodine and its compounds in the 

 body, 509 — Fluorine and its compounds in the body, 510 — Occurrence and properties of 

 nitrogen and its compounds, 510 — Occurrence of phosphorus, 513 — Phosphorus-pois- 

 oning, 513 — Compounds of phosphorus, 514 — Phosphorus in the body, 515 — Occurrence 

 of carbon, 516 — Compounds of carbon, 517— Metabolism of carbon in the body, 518 — 

 Properties and compounds of silicon, 519 — Occurrence and properties of potassium 

 compounds, 519— Potassium in the body, 520 — Occurrence and properties of sodium 

 and its compounds, 521 — Occurrence of ammonium carbonate and its fate in the body, 

 523 — Occurrence anil properties of calcium and its compounds, 523 — The history of cal- 

 cium in the body, 525 — Occurrence of strontium in the body, 526 — Occurrence and prop- 

 erties of magnesium compounds, 527 — The compounds of iron and its history in the 

 metabolism of the body, 528. 



B. The Compounds of Carbon 531 



The derivatives of methane. 531 — General formula and reactions of the monatomic 



alcohols, 531 — General formula and reactions of the fatty acids, 532 — The properties 

 and occurrence of methane, 532 -Properties of trichlormethane (chloroform!, 533 — 

 The properties of methyl aldehyde and general properties of aldehydes, 533 — Other 

 methyl compounds and their action in the body, 531 — Properties and occurrence of 

 formic acid, 534 — The properties of ethyl alcohol, 535— The fate of alcohol in the 

 body, 535 -The properties of ethyl ether and chloral hydrate, 535 -The properties of 

 acetic acid. 536— The properties of aceto-acetic acid, 537 — The properties of glycocoll 

 (amido-acetic acid |, 5:;? The properties of Barcosin, 537 — Propyl compounds and their 

 occurrence in the body, 53* Butyl compounds and their occurrence in the body, 539 — 

 Pentyl compounds and their occurrence in the body, 539 Acids containing more than 

 five carbon atoms (leucin, palmitin, etc.), 540 — Amines, their structure and occurrence, 

 541 — The cyanogen compounds, 541 — The. amines of the olefines [ptomaines, toxines, 

 etc. i, 542 — Occurrence and structure of taurin, 543 — Occurrence and properties of the 

 biliary salts. 513 — The properties and occurrence of lactic acid. 545— -The properties 

 and occurrence of cvstein and cystin, 546— The amido-deri vat i ves of carbonic acid 

 (urea, carbamic acid . 548 The properties and occurrence of urea, 548 — Creatin, 

 creatinin, histidin, arginin, 550 The purin or alloxuric bodies and bases, 552 — Oxalic, 

 succinic, and aspartic acids, 557— The properties and occurrence of glycerin and its 

 compounds, 558 — The properties ami occurrence of lecithin, 559 — The history of fats 

 in the body, 559 — The properties of oleic acid, 560. 



