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AN AMERICAN TEXT-BOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY. 



B. Chemical Composition of the Blood ; Coagulation; Total 

 Quantity of Blood ; Regeneration after Hemorrhage. 



Composition of the Plasma and Corpuscles. — Blood (plasma and cor- 

 puscle-) contains a great variety of substances, as may be inferred from its 

 double relation- to tin 4 tissues as a source of food-supply and as a means of 

 removing the waste products of their functional activity. The constituents 

 existing in quantities sufficiently large for recognition by chemical means are 

 as follows: (lj Water j (2) proteids, of which three varieties at least are 

 known to exist in the plasma — namely, fibrinogen, paraglobulin (serum- 

 globulin), and serum-albumin; (3) combined proteids (haemoglobin, nucleo- 

 albumins) j (I) extractives, including such substances as fats, sugar, urea, 

 lecithin, cholesterin, etc.; and (5) inorganic salts. The proportions of these 

 substances found in the blood of various mammals differ somewhat, although 

 the qualitative composition is practically the same in all. 



'I lie following tables, taken from different sources, summarize the general 

 result- of the quantitative analyses made by several observer-: 



Analysis of the Whole Blood, Human (C. Schmidt). 



Water 



Solids 



Proteids and extractives 



Fibrin (derived from the fibrinogen) 



I lamatin (and iron) 



Salts 



Inorganic Sails of Human Blood, 1000 parts (C. Schmidt). 



Blood-corpnscles. 

 CI 1.75 



i< i > 3.091 



Na 2 0.470 



S0 3 0.061 



P 2 6 5 1.355 



CaO 



MgO 



Blood-plasma. 



CI 3.536 



K 2 0.314 



Na 2 3.410 



so 0.129 



I '.<>., 0.145 



CaO 



MgO ■ . 



These acids and bases exist, of course, in the plasma and the corpuscles as 

 salts. It is not possible to determine exactly how they are combined as salts, 

 but Schmidt suggests the following probable combinations: 



Probable Salts in the Corpuscles. 



Potassium sulphate 0.132 



Potassium chloride 3.679 



Potassium phosphate 'J..".!:; 



Sodium phosphate 0.633 



ira carbonate 0.3 tl 



< 'alcium phosphate 0.09 I 



Magnesium phosphate .... 0.060 



Probable salt- in the Plasma. 



Potassium sulphate 0.281 



Potassium chloride 0.359 



Sodium chloride 5.5 16 



Sodium phosphate 0.271 



Sodium carbonate 1.532 



< alcium phosphate 0.298 



Magnesium phosphate .... 0.218 



