CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. 



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GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY OF MUSCLE AND NERVE (By Warren 



P. Lombard) 17 



A. Introduction 17 



The general property of contractility, 17 — The movements of amcebje, leucocytes, 



vorticella, etc., 19 — The general property of Irritability, 20 — The general property of 

 conductivity, 20 — The general distribution of the properties of conductivity and irri- 

 tability, 21. 



B. Irritability of Muscle and Nerve 23 



Definition of various irritants, 23 — The persistence of irritability in excised organs, 



24 — Irritability of nerves, 24 — Demonstration of irritability by various forms of 

 stimuli, 25 — The independent irritability of muscle, 25 — The curare experiment to 

 prove independent irritability, 26 — Other proofs of direct irritability of muscle, 27 

 — Conditions that determine the efficiency of irritants, 28 — Irritating effect of the 

 electrical current, 28 — Description of the apparatus used in electrical stimulation, 29 

 — Effect of the rate of stimulation, 31 — Du Bois-Reymond's law, 32 — Irritating effect 

 of induced electric currents, 33 — The myogram, 34 — The make and break shocks of 

 the induction current, 35 — kathodal and anodal contractions, 35 — Description of the 

 commutator, 36 — The closing contractions stronger than the opening contractions, 

 38— The effect of variations in the strength of stimuli, 39— The effect of density of 

 the electrical current, 41 — The spread of the electric current in moist conductors, 

 41 — The spread of electrostatic charges, 42 — Means of preventing the spread of cur- 

 rent, 44 — The unipolar method of excitation, 45 — The effect of duration of current on 

 its stimulating action, 46 — The effect of the angle at which the current enters, 48 — 

 The effect of the direction of the current (Pfluger's law 1 , ID — The effect of battery 

 currents on normal human nerves, 51 — The conditions that determine the irritability 

 of nerves and muscles, 55 — The effect of mechanical agencies, 55 — The effect of tem- 

 perature, 56 — The effect of chemicals and drugs, 58 — The effect of the electrical cur- 

 rent on muscle, 61 — The effect of the electrical current on nerve, 62 — Electrotonus, 

 63 — Effect of rapidity of stimulation, 65 — The effect of varying the normal blood- 

 supply, 66 — The effect of separation from the central nervous system, 69 — The effect 

 of the fatigue of muscles, 70 — The fatigue of nerves, 75 — The effect of use and disuse, 

 76 — The effect of enforced rest, 77. 



C. Conductivity 77 



The necessity of protoplasmic continuity for conduction, 77 — Isolated conduction 



in nerve-trunks, 79 — The distribution of the excitation by the branches of a nerve, 

 80 — conduction in muscles, 80— The transmission of the excitation by means of end- 

 organs, 82 — Conduction in both dh'eetions in muscles, 84 — In nerves, 85 — The rate 

 of conduction, 87 — Transmission of the wave of contraction, 87 — The length of the 

 contraction wave, 88 — The rate of conduction in different kinds of muscles, 89 Elate 

 of conduction in motor nerves, 89 — Rate of conduction in sensory nerves, 91 — The 

 effect of deatli processes on the conduction, 91 — The effect of mechanical conditions 

 on conduction, 92 The effect of temperature on conduction. 92 — The effect of 

 chemicals and drugs on conduction, 93 — The effect of a constant battery current 

 on conduction, 94 — Practical application of the foregoing effect, 95— The relation 

 of conduction to the fatigue of nerves, 95 — Nature of the conduction process (nerve- 

 impulse), 97. 



D. Contractility 99 



Graphic records of simple muscle contractions. 99- The myograph, 100 — The 



chronograph, 100 The latent period. L02 -Optical properties of muscle daring rest 

 and contraction, 103 The elasticity of muscle. L05 The muscle contraction in dif- 

 ferent muscles, 108 The effect of tension on the curve of contraction, 109 The 

 effect Of rate of excitation on the curve of contraction. 111 Introductory and stair- 

 case contractions, 112 The effect of fatigue fr repeated stimulation, 113 The 



effect of repeated stimulations on the form of separate contractions, I 1 5 The pro- 

 duction of tetanus by repeated stimulations, 117 — The cause of summation in tetanic 

 contractions, 120 The effect of two excitations following rapidly, i".'i The effect of 

 support on the height of contractions, 122 -The effect of gradually increasing the 

 rate of excitation, 123 Summary of the factors .producing tetanus, 121 The number 

 of stimulations necessary to produce tetanus, 125 The effect of very rapid rates of 

 excitation, 126— Relative intensity of tetanus and single contractions. 126 Con- 



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