28 LECTURE XVII. 



nent, for it is the symptom from which the process has 

 acquired its name. Afterwards, in proportion as the 

 question of animal heat in general, and of heat in patho- 

 logical conditions in particular, withdrew into the back- 

 ground, great importance was attached to the redness, 

 and thus it happened that even in the last century, at the 

 time when mechanical theories were in vogue, when 

 especially Boerhaave considered inflammation to consist 

 in an obstruction of the vessels, and in the stasis of the 

 blood consequent upon it, the notion of inflammation was 

 more or less grounded upon supposed conditions of the 

 vessels. After the facts of pathological anatomy had 

 extended their compass, hypersemia was, especially in 

 France, declared to be the necessary and regular starting 

 point of inflammation. The exclusiveness, with which 

 this view has been maintained even up to our own times, 

 was in a great measure an after-effect of Broussais' views 

 which became the prevailing ones in consequence of the 

 development of the pathologico-anatomical school. Hy- 

 peraemia gradually superseded all the other essential 

 symptoms. 



A change in the doctrine on a grand scale has really 

 only been attempted by the Vienna school, for they too, 

 like the French school, grounding their system of patho- 

 logy upon pathological anatomy, have put the products 

 of inflammation in the place of the symptoms of inflam- 

 mation. What, basing their opinion upon their own 

 experience, they especially had in view, and sought to 

 establish as the essence of inflammation, was the product, 

 which, in accordance with traditional notions, was desig- 

 nated as one which had necessarily proceeded from the 

 vessels as an exudation. In the old classification of 

 symptoms, the swelling, corresponded pretty nearly with 

 the exudation of the Vienna school, and it might there- 

 fore be said that, as previously, first the heat, and then 



