460 Appendix. 



showed all the characters of Sigillaria reniformis, with Stigmaria 

 rootlets in the adjoining strata, pointing in the direction of the 

 root, but not absolutely proved to be connected with it. On 

 viewing the specimens as they originally stood in the quarry be- 

 fore their removal, little doubt could be entertained as to all the 

 trees there found having had Stigmarise for their roots. In some 

 specimens, however, afterwards described by me in the " Philo- 

 sophical Magazine " for 1847, ser. 3, vol. xxxi. p. 259, the connec- 

 tion of Stigmaria, as a root, with Sigillaria reniformis, S. alternans, 

 and S. organum, was clearly proved. 1 



' The regularly ribbed and furrowed Sigillaria, with distinct leaf- 

 scars, generally found flattened and compressed in the sandstones 

 and shales, are seldom of so large a size as those irregularly ribbed 

 and furrowed stems described by me under the name Sigillaria 

 vascularis, sometimes attaining seven feet in diameter. In the 

 fossil forests of trees standing erect in the coal-measures, which 

 have come under my observation, nearly all belong to the last- 

 named genus. In the Pemberton Hill cutting, on the railway 

 between Wigan and Liverpool, six out of thirty stems, from one 

 to two feet in diameter, exhibited the scars of Sigillaria reniformis, 

 S, alternans, and S. organum, the remaining twenty-four belonging 

 to S. vascularis. On the numerous fossil trees found in cutting the 

 Clay -Cross tunnel, on the Midland Railway, near Chesterfield, in 

 the specimens found in the deep pit at Pendleton, some of which 

 were more than fifty feet in height in that from the Victoria pit, 

 Dukinfield, now in the Manchester Museum ; in those on the 

 Manchester and Bolton Railway at Dixon Fold, described by 

 Messrs. Hawkshaw and Bowman ; and in the large stems from 

 the Trap-Ash, of Laggan Bay, discovered by Mr. Wiinsch there 

 was no evidence of distinct leaf-scars, but only irregular ribs and 

 furrows. All the specimens except the last-named were seen and 

 examined by me in situ. The only example of a very large 

 Sigillaria showing distinct leaf-scars, which has come under my 

 observation, is specimen "No. 49 " of Sigillaria reniformis, now in 

 the Museum of the School of Mines in Jermyn Street. Unfor- 

 tunately, all the above-mentioned specimens, except those from 



1 See also Quart. Journal of Geol. Soc., vol. ii. p. 391. 



