Contents xi 



CHAPTER VIII 



SPRING AND ITS STUDIES GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 



AND WORLD-LANDSCAPES SEEDLING AND BUD 



Spring Studies Mode of Study in Botany Phenology and Dis- 

 tribution Aspects of Nature, Vegetation and Landscapes of 

 the World Germination Buds and Bud-Scales Ar- 

 rangement of Leaves in the Bud . . Pages 143-160 



CHAPTER IX 



LEAVES 



General Facts in regard to the Life of Leaves Experiments, rough 

 and exact Summary of Leaf Functions The Structure of 

 the Leaf Palisade Cells and Chlorophyll Grains Shapes of 

 Leaves Leaves adapted to special Functions Substitutes for 

 Leaves Vitality of the Leaf Fall of the Leaf . 1 6 1 - 1 89 



CHAPTER X 



SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY 



Root and Stem Flower, Fruit, and Seed The Web of Life jnce 

 more Systematic Botany Morphology of Organs and Tis- 

 sues Evolution ....... 190-201 



