28 SAVAGE SUEVIVALS 



culiar habit of expressing anger or disgust by 

 ^* spitting '' at its offender. The camel kneels to 

 receive its load. And while the load is being put 

 on its back, it does a good deal of groaning and 

 complaining. If the load is too heavy, it will re- 

 fuse to rise. 



The llama is a South-American sheep-camel 

 that is used as a pack animal to some extent. It 

 exists only in the domesticated state. 



The alpaca is a cousin of the llama. Its hair 

 is made into the well-known alpaca of commerce. 

 It was domesticated by the Indians. Alpaca cloth 

 has been found in the tombs of the ancient Peru- 

 vians. The alpaca lives in herds in a half-wild 

 state in the high Andes. 



12. The Elephant. 



There are two species of elephants — ElepJias 

 africamis of Africa and ElepJias indicus of Asia. 



The African elephant has never been domesti- 

 cated, except by the ancient Carthaginians. It has 

 large ears, tusks in both sexes, a convex forehead, 

 and a fierce disposition. 



ElepJias indicus has long been domesticated. 

 It has a concave forehead, moderate sized ears, 

 and tusks in the male only. 



The elephant has always been a favorite of cap- 

 tains and princes and other vain beings who de- 

 sire to add to their own appearance the magnifi- 

 cence of this splendid colossus. 



The elephant very seldom breeds in captivity, 



