IN HIGHER PEOPLES 91 



There was probably no family life, the sexes min- 

 gling much as among lower animals generally. 

 Early men lived in a tropical climate, and were 

 without either clothes or fire. They had long 

 arms, and short, weak legs. Their weapons were 

 sticks and stones. They were able to overcome all 

 except the larger animals by co-operation and the 

 force of numbers. They probably used the trees 

 a great deal as a refuge in time of danger. They 

 may have had the beginnings of superstitution. 



9. How the Different Races Arose. 



It is not probable that original men were of 

 various colors — some black and some wliite and 

 some orange and some copper and some brown. 

 It seems more likely that they were all alike, all 

 one color, and that the different races have come 

 about as a result of the different surroundings in 

 which they have lived for so many thousands of 

 years. There are reasons for believing that orig- 

 inal men were dark in skin and hair, and rather 

 animal-like in character and intelligence. The 

 first men were very certainly not white. The an- 

 imals most nearly related to man (the ones from 

 whom he has probably developed, i. e., the man- 

 like apes) are not ivliite animals, but dark. The 

 lower races of men are also prevailingly dark, not 

 white, in skin and hair. The difference in color, 

 size, character, and mental ability which exist to- 

 day have been caused by differences in climate, 



