IN HIGHER PEOPLES 113 



But outsiders are outlaws. They may be at- 

 tacked, robbed, deceived, murdered, eaten, or en- 

 slaved with perfect propriety. The savage is 

 loyal, sympathetic, and truthful toward those be- 

 longing to his tribe, to his group or bunch, but is 

 disloyal, untruthful, and unkind to those outside 

 his group. 



^' There was no brotherhood recognized by our 

 savage forefathers,'^ says Sir Henry Maine, in 

 speaking of the ancestors of the white peoples, 

 ^'except actual relationship by blood. If a man 

 was not of kin to another, there was nothing be- 

 tween them. He was an enemy to be hated, slain, 

 or despoiled as much as the wild beasts upon 

 which the tribe made war, as belonging, indeed, to 

 the craftiest and crudest of wild animals. It 

 would scarcely be too strong to assert that the 

 dogs which followed the camp had more in com- 

 mon with it than the tribesmen of a foreign and 

 unrelated tribe.'' 



The feeling of enmity and hatred which a sav- 

 age feels toward strangers, toward those outside 

 his tribe, seems to be the complement or opposite 

 of the social feelings which the savage has toward 

 the members of his tribe. Sympathy and hate 

 have much the same relation to each other as have 

 pleasure and pain. 



The moral excellences of savages consist in the 

 practice of those virtues which, are necessary to 

 the preservation of the tribe in a world of strife 

 and war : courage, loyalty, endurance, sympathy, 



