IN HIGHER PEOPLES 131 



the presence of an enemy depends on circum- 

 stances — depends on our judgment as to which 

 activity would be the most profitable in the end. 

 When we come into the presence of an enemy we 

 are either impelled toward the enemy by the fight- 

 ing feeling or driven away from the enemy by the 

 feeling of fear. But the two feelings are entirely 

 different from each other, even tho they may be 

 aroused by the same object. 



The world of early man was full of dangers and 

 enemies. These enemies were not only far more 

 numerous than now but relatively much stronger. 

 For man originally was entirely unarmed ; and for 

 many thousands of years after he began to invent 

 weapons he was much more poorly equipped than 

 now. The progress from savagery to civilization 

 is characterized by nothing more marked than hy 

 the decrease in occasions for fear. 



Have you ever noticed a bird eating, or drink- 

 ing, or taking its bath? It takes a bite, and then 

 looks around. Then it will take another bite, and 

 look again. It is always on the look-out for ene- 

 mies. It almost sleeps with one eye open. It is 

 pursued alwa^^s by a pitiless state of fear. All 

 wild animals have enemies, and they are able to 

 maintain themselves in the world only by constant 

 vigilance. Mr. Galton says that ** every antelope 

 in South Africa has literally to run for its life 

 every day or two on an average, and that it starts 

 or gallops under the influence of alarm many 

 times in a day." Many animals that live in flocks 



