76 REVIEWS. 



completely hardy as tlie other buds whenever it happens to 

 be formed, and, like them, is well developed before summer 

 is over. As a general rule here, and we presume in England 

 also, no terminal winter bud appears during the growing 

 season, and so there is none to be killed by the frost of the 

 following winter. 



The deeply alveolate receptacle of the Cotton-Thistle is 

 figured (on p. 78) as an illustration of a ^^aZeaceows re- 

 ceptacle. 



Truly terminal flowers are said to be rare (p. 86) : we do 

 not quite understand this. 



The interesting questions relating to the phyllotaxy and 

 symmetry of the flower are clearly stated, but no new light is 

 brought to bear upon them, — nor all of the old. The opposi- 

 tion of the stamens of Rhamnacece to the petals is, as usual, 

 attributed to the probable suppression of an outer stamineal 

 circle, although there is nothing in the blossom (as there is 

 in Geraniacece^ etc.) to base the supposition upon. And our 

 author has overlooked the most natural of explanations for 

 this and strictly like cases, the one moreover which tells 

 directly against the doctrine of transverse chorisis, — namely, 

 that in these cases of ante-position there is a return to 

 normal phyllotaxy, i. e., to the superposition of the corres- 

 ponding elements of successive whorls, — a view first sug- 

 gested, we believe, by Lestibudois. 



" Eeal cases of collateral multiplication may probably be 

 explained by comparison of a primary staminal leaf with an 

 ordinary compound stem-leaf, and supposing the filament to 

 subdivide like the petiole does [sic] in such cases." This is 

 certainly the way we regard it ; and as respects the application 

 of this hypothesis to the stamens of Cruciferca^ we do not see 

 what argument Megacarpcea "polyandra brings against it ; as 

 the increase in the number of stamens is quite as explicable 

 upon this as upon the ordinary theory. Indeed, our author's 

 view that the glands represent suppressed stamens would seem 

 to be negatived by this very case, since the glands have not dis- 

 appeared with the increase of the stamens, but the contrary. 



The abnormal fertile flowers of Viola and Impatiens are 



