ORIGIN OF CULTIVATED PLANTS. 847 



are confounded. Garvance was the French name of the 

 Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum), the Spanish garbanzo; and 

 it is not probable that the Turks gave this name to any kind 

 of beans ; while f agiuoli was the Italian equivalent of Latin 

 phaseoli. Strachey's Virginian vocabulary gives assentamens 

 (and otassentamens) for "pease," and peccatoas, peketawes, 

 for " beans." 



It must be remembered that at the beginning of the 17th 

 century kidney beans — as well as vetclilings (Lathyrus) -— 

 were popularly regarded as a kind of pease, or "peason." 

 Turner, in his " Names of Ilerbes," 1548, says that " Phasio- 

 lus otherwyse called Dolichos, may be called in English ' long 

 peasen or faselles ; ' . . . in French phaseoles : " and " Smi- 

 lax hortensis, ... in French, as some wryte Phaseole . . . 

 may be called in English Kydney beane," etc. (Eng. Dial. 

 Soc, ed. 1881, pp. 62, 74). Lyte's " Dodoens," 1578, follows 

 Turner for the English names of Phaseolus, " Kidney beane 

 and Sperage ; of some they are called Faselles, or Long Pea- 

 son," etc. (p. 474): his "common Peason" and "middle 

 Peason " are Ervilia (^Ervum Ervilia L ?) and Pisum ar- 

 vense L. ; while P. sativum is distinguished as " Great Pea- 

 son, Garden Peason, and Branche Peason, because, as I 

 thinke, they must be holpen or stayed up with branches" 

 (id. 476). 



So, on the continent, the Spanish names for fesoles w^as 

 " arvejas luengas " (Oviedo), i. e., long vetches, and the gar- 

 den pea (P. sativicni) was " un corto genero de Arvejas " 

 (Calepin's Diction., ed. 1616), a short kind of vetches. The 

 confusion of names is frequent in writers of the 16th and first 

 half of the 17th centuries, in French as well as English and 

 Spanish. " Magno sane labore " — as Tragus found — 

 " Phasioli, Orobi, et Pisa, nee non Cicer arietina, maxime 

 agrestia, secernuntur," (Stirp. Hist., 1552, p. 613). 



Champlain uses " poix " and " feves," interchangeably, as 

 names of the American Phaseoli. In Breton's " Diction. 

 Fr.-Caraibe " (1666) the Carib name, " calaoiiana," stands for 

 "poisde Bresil" and "febue de Bresil " ; " pois rouges, dit 

 Anglois, mibipi ; " and " Pois, manconti " — this being, prob- 

 ably, the (introduced) P. sativum. 



