SEMI-CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 



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which he must attaia are fixed and absolute; they mvolve the 

 Txercise of opinion and criticism but dightly; they require 

 a her a definite knowledge of facts and their appl catton whrch 

 permits of no error or half-knowledge. Higlr standards must be 

 maintained, for the graduate must, ultimately sustam he mo 

 exacting tests in practical experience. Nothmg would more 

 Speedily destroy the efficiency of engineering trammg than low 

 Standards of scholarship. 



The scope of engineering instruction is as broad as the coun- 

 try itself. In all of the schools the general principles and f uti- 

 damentals are taught, but beyond this is a wi^de variety of deve- 

 opment into special Unes related to sectional or local interest . 

 Civil mechanical, and electrical engineering are the subjects 

 most commonly presented, but .several institutions offer courses 

 in mining engineering, while sanitary, municipal and chemical 

 engineering and architecture all have honorable place in the 

 hst" Certain institutions offer instruction also in engmeering 

 principles as specially applied to sugar-making, irrigation, 

 forestry; marine engineering is also taught in one or two schools 

 and there is an interesting and increasing development of 

 engineering instruction as applied to farm machinery and opera- 

 tions-which is perhaps best designated as farm mechanics. 

 The extent of the courses of instruction in engineering is, in 

 point of time, usually four years, of which the first two are spent 

 upon the fundamental and general subjects, and the last two 

 upon those which are special and technical. Among other 

 usual requirements for graduation is the completion of an origi- 

 nal study or investigation, the results of which are presented in 

 a "thesis " The graduate receives in most cases the degree ot 

 ■■Bachelor of Science," which is frequently further qualified with 

 reference to the particular line of study pursued. A few institu- 

 tions give professional degrees, such as "Electrical Engineer 

 ■■Civil Engineer," etc., for the completion of undergraduate 

 courses; the larger and better equipped colleges also admmister 



