98 NATURAL ARRANGEMENT OF INSECTS. 



head is very large ; and, from the slenderness of the 

 anterior joints,, it seems,, as Dr. Horsfield remarks, as if 



pedunculated : the posterior part is always obtuse, and 

 the surface of the body smooth : it is, moreover, always 

 concealed within a leaf, which it converts into a cylin- 

 drical tube ; herein the caterpillar resides, and performs 

 its chrysalis transformation. A similar mode of life is 

 observed in the family of Tortrices, comprehending 

 those little moths so destructive to our fruit trees in 

 spring, and which disfigure the leaves of the rose at 

 the same period. These, in fact, are the representatives 

 of the HesperidcB in their own tribe ; although, from 

 ignorance of the principle of variation, an erroneous 

 idea has been entertained that the circle of the Lepi- 

 doptera is closed by the union of the Hesperida with 

 the PhalcpnidcB or moths. 



(92.) The pupa retains many of those characters 

 seen in the last family, blended with others which more 

 properly belong to the true butterflies (Papilionida). 

 It is in general smooth (/), but sometimes angulated 

 (e) : its form is lengthened; and it is attached at one 



