ON THE MAMMALIAN NERVOUS SYSTEM. 347 



SCHIFF,* by limited section of the parts of the cord, was the first to find that after 

 division of the crossed pyramidal tract in Dogs, no movement of the leg on the same 

 side as the lesion followed upon excitation of the opposite excitable area. 



DuPUYt stated that in the Dog opposed hemisections of the cervical region of the 

 cord when separated from each other by about 1-1 '5 cm. did not interfere with the 

 production of movements in the lower limbs on exciting the cortex cerebri. 



5. Ablation of one Hemisphere. 



To test localisation in principle GOLTZ^ has in the Dog removed large proportions of 

 the brain, and recently^ succeeded in completing the ablation of one hemisphere. 



The animal under these circumstances could walk, run, and use the limbs in all 

 automatic movements of feeding, &c., there being no obvious persistent hemiplegia as 

 in Monkeys and Men. For many weeks, however, there is in the Carnivora marked 

 hemiplegia of the opposite side to the lesion (all authors), and according to HITZIG 

 the loss of the " muscular sense " is permanent in these animals. This fact, as well as 

 the concomitant persistence of anesthesia to moderate tactile impressions, is also 

 confirmed by the observations of SCHIFF, and one of \is (V. H.). 



SEMON and HOESLEY|| found that in all animals examined after removal of one 

 hemisphere the "automatic" i.e., respiratory, movements of the vocal cords were 

 perfectly bilateral. 



6. Ablation of the " Motor " Area of one Hemisphere, followed by Ablation of that of 



the Opposite Side. 



CARVILLE and DuRETlf investigated the matter by removing one so-called motor 

 area, and observing the paresis caused thereby, noting that the paresis gradually dis- 

 appeared as if by substitution on the part of the opposite sound hemisphere. 

 Removal of this latter, however, did not reproduce the paresis of the limbs on the 

 same side. 



7. Excitation and Degeneration of the Corpus Callosum. 



The results of excitation of the corpus callosum by SCHAFER and MOTT,** as well 

 as the degeneration observed by SHERRiNGTONtt to follow localised ablation of portions 



* ' Archiv f. d. ges. Physiologie,' vol. 30, p. 248. 



t ' Compfc. Rend. Soc. de Biol.' 



J " Verriehtungen des Grosshirns." PFLUGEE'S ' Archiv,' vol. 34, 1883, p. 50. 



Demonstration at the 1st Internat. Physiol. Congress, Basle, 1889. See also the full account given 

 by LANGLEY and GRUNBAUM, 'Journal of Physiology," vol. 11, 1890. 



|j Loc. cit. 



If ' Archives de Physiologic ' (Paris), 1875, p. 446, &c. 

 ** ' British Medical Journal,' 1890 ; also ' Brain,' 1890. 

 ft ' Proceedings of the Physiological Society,' 1 889. 



2 Y 2 



