IOQ 



long to encircle the trunks, should be tied tightly with 

 string above and below, and placed on the trees during the 

 first week in October. The most suitable height is from 

 2 to 4 feet from the ground. The paper is to be well 

 smeared with cart grease, which must never be allowed to 

 become dry. To ensure this, three applications during the 

 season are usually sufficient. * Tree tanglefoot " may be 

 used instead of cart grease, and has the advantage of not 

 requiring renewal during the whole winter. By means of 

 this device the wingless females are trapped in large num- 

 bers as they crawl up the tree trunks from the soil. If 

 the grease bands be retained until the end of March, large 

 numbers of females of the destructive March Moth 

 (Aniso-pleryx aescularia] (4), which are likewise wingless, 

 also meet with a similar fate. If the grease bands are 

 neglected many of the female Moths succeed in making 

 their way up to the buds to lay their eggs. When the 

 larvae are very abundant the only measure is to spray with 

 lead arsenate, using an ordinary knapsack sprayer, except 

 for very large trees, which demand a more powerful instru- 

 ment. The spray should be distributed as a fine mist, 

 as all that is needed is to render the leaves poisonous. 

 It is not advisable to spray during blossoming, and spray- 

 ing with winter washes is useless. The Codling Moth 

 (Car-pocafsa -pomonella) (4) is one of the most important 

 of apple pests, attacking many varieties besides the Cod- 

 ling, and also pears. Those types such as the Russet and 

 Nonpareil, in which the " eyes " are more or less closed, 

 are less susceptible than the Blenheim Orange and many 

 others. The perfect Insect is a pretty brown Moth with 

 coppery reflections, and measures about fin. from tip to tip 

 of the expanded wings. It flies during June and July, 

 laying its eggs singly on the young fruit, but occasionally 

 it may select the leaves. They hatch just about the time 

 when the petals have fallen and the fruit set. The young 

 larvae are whitish, pale yellow, or often pink, with the head 

 and the shield immediately behind dark brown. They 

 make their way to the calyx end of the fruits and 

 gradually eat their way to the core. The entrance hole 

 can always be detected, and through it the larvae ejects 

 particles of excrement to the exterior, thereby avoiding 

 contamination of its burrow. About midsummer they eat 

 their way out of the fruit, and if the latter are still on the 

 tree the larvae crawl down until they reach the trunk. In 



