Ill 



foliage by these larvae, and the fruit are not exempt from 

 attack. About the beginning of June, they enter the soil 

 beneath or near the bushes in order to spin their brown 

 papery cocoons within which the pupal stage is passed. 

 From ten to twenty-one days, according to the tempera- 

 ture, are passed beneath the ground until the flies emerge, 

 and there are three broods during the year. The autumn 

 larvae pass the winter in their cocoons, turning to pupae 

 early the following spring. Leaves bearing the eggs of 

 this Insect should be destroyed whenever met with, while 

 hand picking is an effective means of getting rid of the 

 larvae if done thoroughly. In the autumn wholesale 

 removal of the surface soil beneath and around the bushes 

 to a depth of five inches is valuable. It needs to be buried 

 in a deep hole dug for the purpose. By this means the 

 winged Insects are buried beneath the earth and perish on 

 emergence from the pupa?. Fresh soil and manure should 

 be placed round the bushes. Spraying with arsenate of 

 lead is an effective poison for the larvae, and can be applied 

 any time they are abundant after the fruit has been 

 gathered. 



The Thysanoptera form a very small order of Insects, 

 comprising only those minute forms which are known as 

 :f Thrips." They are provided with four strap-like wings 

 with long " fringes" all round, and are entirely suctorial 

 in their feeding habits. The Pea Thrips (Kakothrips 

 robustus) (11) is a dark brown Insect, about yirin. l n &> 

 attacking edible peas and broad beans, often causing much 

 damage. The adults occur from May until August, and 

 the eggs are laid within the flowers on the stamen sheath 

 or on the young developing pods. The larvae resemble 

 the adults with the exception of having no wings; when 

 fully fed they descend to the ground, penetrating to a 

 depth of 3~i2in. They remain in the soil until spring, 

 when the adults emerge from the pupae, there being thus 

 only one brood in the year. Both the larvae and the adults 

 are injurious, and in bad attacks no pods are formed or 

 are curled and undersized. The terminal buds and shoots 

 may also be infested, and damage is stated to be most 

 severe in light soil. This Insect sometimes spoils a whole 

 crop, and no varieties appear to be immune, but it has not 

 so far been found on sweet peas or scarlet runner beans, 

 though they are mentioned as host plants in France. Con- 

 trol is difficult to achieve, but early sown plants are less 



