and in late summer the plants may swarm with the 

 Insects. In the early stages of attack benefit is derived 

 by cutting off the blistered or yellowish leaves and 

 destroying them. Later on dusting with soot is worthy 

 of a trial, and spraying is practicable on a small scale in 

 garden plots. All methods of cultivation tending to 

 produce vigorous growth are serviceable, and copious 

 watering in dry weather, which favours Aphid multiplica- 

 tion, is of great value. Aphis pomi and A. sorbi (4) which 

 attack the apple, puncture the leaves and cause them to 

 curl and become discoloured, while A. fitckii attacks the 

 blossoms and buds, but does not usually cause leaf 

 curling. For all three species it is important to spray 

 about the middle of April, when the eggs have hatched 

 and the young are most vulnerable. The Rose Aphides 

 are familiar to every gardener, and there are three species 

 commonly met with. Siphonophora dirhoda Wlk. is 

 stated to migrate to grasses, Polygonum and wheat, 

 S. rosae Reau. to teazles, while S. rosarum Wlk. appears 

 to have no alternate host. If only the latter species be 

 present one or two early sprayings are sufficient, but with 

 the other two species additional applications are some- 

 times necessary owing to fresh infections from their 

 other plant hosts. Paraffin should never be used on rose 

 trees, and only Mb. of soft soap should be mixed to 10 

 gallons of water in the quassia wash referred to further 

 on. When only affecting a few twigs here and there, 

 Rose Aphides can be readily killed by momentary immer- 

 sion in a vessel of water just too hot to keep the hand 

 in, without injury to the plant (10). Of the Currant 

 Aphides (4), R. ribis produces reddish blister-like galls 

 on the surface of the leaves, w r hile M. ribis causes the 

 leaves to curl up especially those on the terminal shoots. 

 Both species as they become numerous are difficult to deal 

 with, as they are protected in the hollows of the blisters 

 on the undersides of the leaves, or within the curled up 

 leaves. One of the effects of their presence is the fre- 

 quent falling of the fruit before maturity. Both species 

 deposit their eggs under the broken rind or upon it, 

 chiefly on twigs of the previous year's growth. Both 

 currants and gooseberries are attacked, and M. ribis 

 especially frequents black currants. Early spraying in 

 April is the best measure, and care must be exercised in 

 order that the fluid reaches the undersides of the leaves. 



