34 



III. Winyah Canal, Georgetown County, southern part. 



Here, in excavating the canal connecting Winyah Bay with the 

 north run of the Santee, Pleistocene fossils were exposed. This in- 

 dicates that the whole country thereabouts is underlaid at a slight 

 depth beneath the surface by this formation. 



IV. Wambraw Creek (?), Charleston County, northern part. 



To quote directly from Tuomey : "In Christ Church Parish, 

 Charleston District, there are several exposures where this bed comes 

 so near the surface as to be within reach of the plough. The marl 

 is sufficiently calcareous as to be of great economic value. In one in- 

 stance I found a bed of calcareous mud, such as is formed by the dis- 

 integration of corals." As well as can be learned, this locality is on 

 Wambraw Creek, or not far from it. 



V. Goose Creek, north of Charleston. 

 The section here, according to Holmes, is : 



Yellow sand 12 feet 



Blue mud 2 feet 



Ferruginous sand, containing bones, etc 3 inches 



Yellow sand 3 feet 



Pliocene marl, resting on Eocene white marl 12 feet 



The fossil bones are in a good state of preservation, especially in 

 the blue mud. More will be said of these deposits of vertebrate fos- 

 sils in describing the next locality. 



VI. Ashley River. 



This locality, famous for the beds of vertebrate fossils which 

 Holmes, after a careful study for a number of years, considered 

 Pleistocene, and which are still considered Pleistocene by most geol- 

 ogists, furnishes about thirty-five or forty species of vetebrate fos- 

 sils. A section here gives something like this : 



Yellow sands with bands of clay 4 feet 



Blue mud just above the Miocene marls I foot to more. 



In some places there is a varying thickness of sand or of sand and 

 clay between the blue mud and the Miocene marls. The fossil bones 

 which are found in these strata are often in a good state of preserva- 

 tion, especially those in the blue mud. This locality and that on 

 Goose Creek were especially interesting to the geologists of thirty- 

 five or forty years ago, when numerous vertebrate fossils could be 

 picked up; but now that they have been despoiled in working the 

 phosphate deposits, they have lost some of the interest that they once 



