those just above it or just below, the Pliocene of South Carolina has 

 also been studied to a limited extent in its relation to the Pleistocene. 

 Though material was collected from the Waccamaw beds, time has 

 failed in which to work it up, and the work done by Johnson on 

 these deposits has been largely relied upon in this part of the paper. 

 Tuomey and Holmes, in their "Pliocene Fossils of South Carolina," 

 have classed as Pliocene not only the well-determined Pliocene of the 

 Waccamaw, but also the Miocene about Darlington, Sumter and 

 elsewhere. Their otherwise excellent volume is, by reason of this 

 confusion, well nigh useless for the purpose here intended. Only 

 those species distinctly mentioned as coming from the Waccamaw 

 beds can be depended upon in arriving at any safe conclusion. The 

 tables already mentioned will also show the relation which the 

 Pleistocene fossils bear to the Pliocene and to the Miocene, though 

 no attempt will be made to prepare separate lists of the Pliocene and 

 Miocene fossils of the State. 



In order to bring the scope of the paper more clearly before the 

 mind, it is well to recapitulate, having regard to the sequence that 

 has been followed in the discussion of the various phases of the 

 subject. Following this introduction, the paper begins with a dis- 

 cussion of the work of the early investigators in the region and a 

 historical review of the work done from that time to the present. 

 This is followed by a chapter on the geographic distribution of the 

 Pleistocene or Columbia formation along the Atlantic Coast from 

 Maine to Florida. Then comes a more particular discussion of the 

 Pleistocene of South Carolina, together with descriptions of Pleisto- 

 cene fossil localities with sections, wherever possible, showing strati- 

 graphic relations. After this come the tables, giving the Pleistocene 

 species found in South Carolina with localities; other ages in addi- 

 tion to the Pleistocene in which they have been found, and the rela- 

 tive scarcity or abundance as Pleistocene fossils ; the depth range and 

 shore and bottom conditions of the living representatives of the Pleis- 

 tocene fossils, also their extreme northern and southern geograph- 

 ical ranges. Just after this a discussion of the tables and conclusions 

 from the information there gained are given. The bibliography 

 at the end is not intended to be exhaustive, but embraces only the 

 more important articles that have been published on the subject. 

 Especially is this true in regard to the publications concerning the 

 Pleistocene of the whole Atlantic Coast; only a very few of these 

 are given. 



